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Prison Reformation/Societal & Criminal Justice Reformation - Coggle…
Prison Reformation/Societal & Criminal Justice Reformation
Kyle
Prison reformation ultimately works to change an individual in prisons thoughts and perspectives which benefits the amount of crime rate when they are released
Research shows that prison programs only work as well as when the prisons are meeting standards necessary such as all human rights met, and all standards of living are up to date
Esperian, J. H. (2010). The effect of prison education programs on recidivism. Journal of Correctional Education, 316-334.
The Prison Reform Trust (PRT) is an independent UK charity who help to create better and effective penal system in reforming inmates as they serve sentences in prison
Their main job as a charity is to provide support to inmates and attempt to work to reduce crime rates across the UK and lower prison populations
Ginn, S. (2012). Prison environment and health. Bmj, 345, e5921.
Prison reform statistics show a benefit of prison programming
Through this, and evidence, the prison reform programming has shown to reduce recidivism as well as save taxpayer expenditures and increasing future employment for those incarcerated. This also decreases rule violations both in and out of prison for those reformed
Mental health support on prison was found to reduce misconduct incidents by 22%.
Substance abuse treatment in California prisons resulted in a 48% reduction of reoffending.
Faith based programs reduced reoffending by 40%.
https://www.charleskochinstitute.org/issue-areas/criminal-justice-policing-reform/why-prison-reform-matters/
Retrieved Tuesday 24th November 2020
Importance of Prison Reform?
The main aim of this is to ensure that change comes about to all individuals who will be returned to society after serving sentences in prisons. During prison programmes such as religious aspects, or deterrence counselling to support inmates, will help to change someone’s outlook on the reason for their sentence and may benefit themselves for when they come out of prison.
Emma
According to RAPt, analysis of police data had shown that less than one third (31%) of substance misusing prisoners who completed a RAPt programme while in prison had reoffended within 12 months of release, compared with a predicted re-offending rate of over 70%; however, fewer than 3% of prisoners identified with a drug problem currently had access to the programmes.
Covid-19 According to Unite, since 2012 more than 750 youth centres have closed, and over 4,500 youth workers have been laid off in England and Wales. Hundreds of thousands of our most vulnerable young people have been cut off from a vital resource: trusted adults in whom they can confide, particularly if they are at risk of violence, being pressured into criminalised activity, or living in dangerous home environments
covid 19 - more risk to people being imprisoned due to lack of funds, so they find themselves relying on stealing to getting the basic necessities in life.
Chloe
Karen
implications of prison's rehabilitation-
Newman, A. P. (1993). Prison Literacy: Implications for Program and Assessment Policy.
Recently, prisons have started dog and horse training programs. Preliminary evidence indicates that inmates benefit, learning life-enhancing skills and lowering the recidivism rates. Shelter dogs and wild horses trained by the prisoners help people with physical and emotional needs.
Strimple, E. O. (2003). A history of prison inmate-animal interaction programs. American Behavioral Scientist, 47(1), 70-78.
Are prison education programmes helpful to reduce reoffending?
Linden, R., Perry, L., Ayers, D., & Parlett, T. A. A. (1984). An evaluation of a prison education program. Canadian J. Criminology, 26, 65.
Weitzer, R., & Tuch, S. A. (1999). Race, class, and perceptions of discrimination by the police. Crime & Delinquency, 45(4), 494-507. The findings indicate that (1) race is a strong predictor of attitudes (2) class affects several of these views. An important finding is that middle-class Blacks are sometimes more critical of the police and justice system than are lower-class Blacks.
Taxman, F. S., & Piquero, A. (1998). On preventing drunk driving recidivism: An examination of rehabilitation and punishment approaches. Journal of Criminal Justice, 26(2), 129-143. - Looks at useful rehabilitation for offenders convicted of drink driving
does the criminal justice system discriminate?
Cunneen, C. (2006). Racism, discrimination and the over-representation of Indigenous people in the criminal justice system: Some conceptual and explanatory issues. Current issues in criminal justice, 17(3), 329-346.
Gillis & Nafekh (2005)
This study found that out of 23,525 offenders, 70% those who were put on employment programs after release were less likely to return to custody, compared with 53% who were unemployed. They also found that recidivism rate was 30% for those on the employment scheme vs 45% for those unemployed on release. This is hard soil evidence to show that a planned employment programme enables prisoners to hold down a job and reduces recidivism. It is one possible method for reducing reoffending.
Latimer, J., Dowden, C., & Muise, D. (2001). The effectiveness of restorative justice practices: A meta-analysis. Research and Statistics Division.
The researchers found a statistically significant difference in offender satisfaction with those in the restorative program more satisfied than those in the comparison group. Restitution compliance was significantly higher among offenders in the restorative justice program as compared to those in the comparison group. Lastly, the researchers found that the mean recidivism rates were lower among offenders who participated in the restorative justice program as compared to offenders in the traditional justice system.
Imburgia, M. (2020). Mental Health Care in Prisons Needs Reformation.
Prison employees were often found to have a change in mental state and personalities as well as the inmates. Although American prison systems have been slowly reforming, they still have poor mental health care policies and need to focus more on restorative justice systems in order to create a healthier environment for the individuals incarcerated there and working there.
OFORI, G. C. (2020). THE IMPACT OF CHRISTIANITY ON THE REFORMATION OF JUVENILE OFFENDERS (Doctoral dissertation)
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The study also reveals that the involvement of faith based organizations especially the church (Christianity) in the reformation of the young offenders have not been impactful.
Thielo, A. J., Cullen, F. T., Cohen, D. M., & Chouhy, C. (2016). Rehabilitation in a red state: Public support for correctional reform in Texas. Criminology & Public Policy, 15(1), 137-170.