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RESERVOIR, SEAL AND TRAP. - Coggle Diagram
RESERVOIR, SEAL AND TRAP.
Reservoir
Reservoir meaning the subsurface of rock body has sufficient porosity and permeability for fluid storage and transmission.
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Trap.
- The trap meaning the geological structure that impacts the rock and caprock reservoir.
- There are two types of trap which are structural and stratigraphic.
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Cap rock.
- Rock should stretch as long as the horizontal of reservoir.
- When the traps created by cap rock is full then hydrocarbon will escape freely from the spill point,
Stratigraphy Traps
- Form by lithologies changes.
- Difficult to find and detect.
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Cap Rock (Seal)
- Most common seal is shale layer.
- Seal rocks prevents petroleum from leaking out of a trap.
- Estimate sealing efficiency base on thickness, lateral extent and continuity, permeability and presence or absence of faults and fractures.
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Petroleum Alteration.
- Shifts in the composition of petroleum due to biodegradation.
- Changes in the composition of petroleum due to thermal modification.
- Such modification mechanisms contributing to improvements in the composition of petroleum.
- the release of pressure induces phase shifts.
- Another process is based on a reservoir pressure release.
Structural traps
- Anticline traps (an upward fold in the layers of rock)
- Fault Trap (Occur when formation on either side of the fault have been moved)