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Themes - Coggle Diagram
Themes
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Discomfort
Fogal (1)
Critical thinking involves juggling multiple ideas and information (stepping out of our comfort zones), to gain new perspectives.
Bloom's Taxonomy
In order to gain new perspectives, one must go through the process of looking at the newly acquired information from different angles and try to come up with chain of ideas.
Plato
Although it may require getting used to (painful process), putting ourselves in the uncomfortable position of being exposed to different perspectives will ultimately help us become open-minded.
Menand
College education as a whole is often a rigorous process which constantly increases cognitive stress. However, the knowledge learned throughout the process can be applied in the future.
Politico
The NY Times were uncomfortable with (and feared) the rising controversy, resulting in them deleting parts of Stephen's column.
Harpers
The author mentions that humans cannot tolerate opposing views and are “vogue for public shaming”. People feel discomfort in approaching different views and follow the social norm or trend of shaming others because they themselves do not want to be criticized.
Weiss
Self-censorship is the exercising control over what one says to avoid criticism, indicating they fear/feel discomfort in criticism.
Jumping to Conclusions
Kahneman 1st
Associative machine: ideas generate others, all has to be coherent with our previous beliefs. FIrst impression and the juxtposition of two things
Ladder of Inference
We tend to add meanings and apply beliefs on limited data. The process of adding meanings can be the process of jumping to conclusions.
Lawyer Approach
The tendency to start with a conclusion, but gathering information which suits our beliefs. It is highlighting that "jumping to conclusions can happen in two ways 1) info -> conclusion 2) conclusion -> info
Kahneman 2nd
Halo effect, WYSIATI, Ambiguity