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Lecture 3: Human Aggression (Wayne) - Coggle Diagram
Lecture 3: Human Aggression
(Wayne)
General Aggression Model
LEVEL 1: INPUT VARIABLES
Person variables
Increase or decrease the readiness to be aggressive
Gender
Perceptions
Personality
Cognition
Evolutionary inputs
Emotional inputs
Biological inputs
Situation variables
Provide the stimulus for agressive responses
Provocation
Frustration
Agressive cues
Pain
Drugs
Triggers
LEVEL 2: ROUTES
Affects
Negative feelings, anger, shame and hostility, expressive motor responses, fear
Arousal:
Physiological (pulse, BP, stress, anxiety) = energises and strengthens the tendency to go with under-thoughtout responses eg. aggression
Cognitions
Activation of hostile thoughts, schemas, biases, beliefs & attributions
LEVEL 3: RESPONSES
Immediate appraisal
(automatic)
Resources
Is there enough time and cognitive capacity for controlled response
YES
Is the automatic response both important and undesirable
YES
Reappraisal: Controlled Evaluation
Thoughtful action: Instrumental action:
AGRESSIVE RESPONSE
NO
Impulsive Action:
Reactive response
AGRESSIVE RESPONSE
NO
Impulsive Action:
Reactive response
AGRESSIVE RESPONSE
Sub-disciplines
Health Psychology
Aggression is linked to an increased risk of health problems, mental health problems, life satisfaction, early mortality
Learning & Behaviour
Classical conditioning
Instrumental conditioning: reward & punishment, social learning
Evolutionary Psychology
Aggression is hard-wired and linked to animals
Reproductive success, survival of the fittest
Defensiveness
Neuro/biopsychology
Epigenetics theories: impulsivity gene that enhances aggression
MAOA gene polymorphism = higher rate of antisocial personality disorder
Moderated by parenting style
Hormones
Low serotonin = linked to poorer impulse control
Dopamine (ADHD) = impulsivity
Attenuation of the stress system (under-arousal)
Frontal lobe damage = problems with inhibition
Emotion
Looking at associations between
Aggression AND shame, humiliation, anger, jealousy
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Organisational psychology
Bullying, workplace aggression (indirect aggression)
Dominance and status
Developmental Psychology
Concerned with the consistency of aggression across the lifespan
Gene-environmental interactions
Hostile attribution bias:
?
Perception
Cues for fight and flight are in the peripheral vision
Noise, heat and aggression are linked
Cognition
More aggression experienced = provides more triggers for aggression
Cognitive Neo-association theory:
Triggers for aggression are unpleasant or threatening situations
Spreading Activation Model:
neural networks & information: nodes that are activated together become wired together
Personality Psychology
Freud: aggressive drive
Trait aggression: anger, irritability, impulsivity, callus & unemotional traits (dark triad), shame proneness, rumination
Clinical Psychology
DSM-5 Disorders:
ASD, NPD, BPD, Conduct Disorder, Addiction, Paranoia/delusions/psychosis, sadism
Therapeutic interventions
Conflict management, anger management, counselling
Psychology of relationships
Relational aggression: child abuse, DV, power, dominance, jealousy
Overlaps with evolutionary psychology: relational schemas
Animal Behaviour
Gender differences (> aggression in males)
Catharsis hypothesis: aggression is an instinct that needs release
Disproven
Social Psychology
Aggression is elicited by situation not personality
Social Interaction Theory: Aggression is used as a way of getting what you wants
General Aggression Model: Most cited and best at explaining behaviour
aggression
Behaviour directed towards another individual with proximate intent to cause harm
The target must be motivated to avoid the behaviour: rule out consensual harm (eg. dentistry, sado-masochistic sex)
Violence
Aggression that has extreme harm as its goal (injury or death)