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COPD - Coggle Diagram
COPD
Complications
Heart problems
Frequent respiratory infections
High blood pressure in lungs
lung cancer
collapsed lung
poor gas exchange
Assessments
Ask for past and present medical history
Assess vital signs
Assess for risk factors that can cause COPD
Assess for signs and symptoms of COPD
Auscultate breathing sounds and pattern
Lab testing
Use spirometry to test lung function and capacity
Test oxygen saturation
Chest CT scan to check damage extent in lungs
Medications
Inhaled steroids to reduce information in the lungs
Bronchodilators in inhalers
Oxygen therapy
Antibiotics to treat respiratory infections
Causes
Exposure to fumes in poorly ventilated areas
Long term smoking
rare genetic disorder
caused by deficiency in alpha-1-antitrypsin protein
Pathophysiology
chronic bronchitis
Excess mucus causes a chronic cough
excess production of tracheobronchial mucus
Emphysema
Air space distal to terminal bronchi are enlarged
This causes a decrease in alveolar pressure
less surface area is available for gas exchange in alveoli