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SETTLER COLONIALISM (and the building of a Canadian nation), Systemic…
SETTLER COLONIALISM (and the building of a Canadian nation)
Government policies
Indian Act
Created legal "Indian" status; government controlled all aspects of Indigenous people's lives
Indian Agents
Reserves
Banned potlatch and other Indigenous ceremonies
Assimilation projects
Forced European cultural norms onto Indigenous people
Indigenous cultures were disparaged considered 'savage' and 'uncivilized'
Residential Schools
Children had English names & language forced on them
Sixties Scoop
Forced enfranchisement; loss of Indian status (especially for women)
Treaties
Were they signed in good faith?
Even if they were, the treaties were frequently broken
Indigenous leaders sometimes signed out of desperation, to save their people from starvation, etc.
Many areas are not covered by treaties (i.e., unceded land), but still claimed
Need to secure land, western expansion
Forced relocations
Infrastructure projects for settler cities
Genocide
Removal of children
Forced sterilizations
Starvation
Social & cultural practices
Stereotypes
Treating diverse Indigenous cultures like a monolith
Racist media depictions
settler myths & misunderstandings about history
"We bought the land." (misunderstanding of how treaties function)
"We won the war."
Prejudice & discrimination
Christian missionaries believed the mission to 'civilize' was benevolent
Effects
Loss of Indigenous languages, knowledge
Shame, alienation
Intergenerational trauma
Lack of economic opportunity & security
Systemic racism