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Effective Educational Videos: Principles and Guidelines for Maximizing…
Effective Educational Videos: Principles and Guidelines for Maximizing Student Learning from Video Content
Educational videos have become an important part of higher education, providing an important content-delivery tool in many flipped, blended, and online classes. When instructors consider three elements: how to
manage the cognitive load of the video; how to maximize student engagement with the video;
and how to promote active learning from the video.
COGNITIVE LOAD
suggests that memory has several components. Sensory memory is transient, collecting information from the environment. Information from sensory memory
may be selected for temporary storage and processing in working memory, which has very limited capacity.
Because working memory is very limited, the learner must be selective about what information from sensory memory to pay attention to during the learning process, an observation that has important implications for creating educational materials.
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Signaling is the use of on-screen text or symbols to highlight important information. Signaling may be provided by the appearance of two or three keywords. By highlighting the key information, signaling helps direct learner attention, thus targeting particular elements of the video for processing in the working memory.
The benefits of signaling are complemented by segmenting, or the chunking of information in a video lesson. Segmenting allows learners to engage with small pieces of new information and gives them control over the flow of new information.
Segmenting can be accomplished both by making shorter videos and by including “click forward” pauses within a video, such as using YouTube Annotate or HapYak to provide students with a question and prompting them to click forward after completion.
it is important that the instructor consider his or her learners when weeding educational videos, including information that is necessary for their processing but eliminating information that they do not need to reach the learning goal and that may overload their working memory.
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Student Engagement
The first and most important guideline for maximizing student attention to educational video is to keep it short.
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Another method to keep students engaged is to use a conversational style. The use of conversational rather than formal language during multimedia instruction has been shown to have a large effect on
students’ learning.
Recommendations:
-Keep videos brief and targeted on learning goals.
-Use audio and visual elements to convey appropriate parts of an explanation.
-Use a conversational, enthusiastic style to enhance engagement