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REACTIVE PROLIFERATION OF WBC (LEUCOCYTOSIS), ETIOLOGY OF…

- - - - table
- - - - Chornic lymphoblastic leukaemia
        (CLL)
    - - Chronic myeloblastic leukaemia
        (CML)
- - - - Ionising radiation
        
        Chemical carcinogens
        
        Drugs
      - ASSOCIATION WITH
        DISEASES OF
        IMMUNITY
        
        Immunodeficiency diseases
        
        Autoimmune diseases
- - - - Maturation defect
        
        Myelosuppression
        
        Organ infiltration
        
        Cytokines
- - - - Juvenile CML in children
        
        Both sexes equally affected
        
        Anameia ,
        hypermetabolism,
        splenomegaly,
        bleeding tendencies
        
        Less common:
        gout,
        visual disturbances
    - - Blood picture :
        
        Anameia : moderate degree and normocytic normochromic type
        
        WBC: marked leukocytosis (approximately 200,000/microliter)
        or more
- - - - More prevalent in young adult males
        
        Classic diagnostic feature is
        presence of Reed-Sternberg (RS) cell
  - - - Cervical and mediastinal lymph
        nodes involved most frequently
        
        Splenomegaly and liver
        enlargement
        
        Low-grade fever,
        
        night sweats
        
        and weight loss,
        
        fatigue,
        
        malaise,
        
        weakness,
        
        pruritus
    - - Normocytic, normochromic
        anaemia
        
        Serum iron and TIBC are low
        
        Marrow infiltration
        
        Moderate leukemoid reaction
        
        Platelet count is normal or
        increased
        
        ESR invariably elevated
- - - - smaller
        
        and in addition to the
        above features,
        
        it has a pericellular space or
        lacuna due to shrinkage of cell cytoplasm
      - Polypoid RS cell:
        
        larger with
        
        lobulated nucleus
        
        in the shape of popcorn
        
        Pleomorphic RS cell
        
        pleomorphic and
        
        atypical nuclei