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The desert - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Can become dangerous to people's health
        
        Difficult to cook
        
        Difficult to build (temperatures and things like concrete need water)
    - - Unable to shower
        
        Unable to install/flush toilet
    - - Difficult to concentrate in extreme temperatures
        
        No one will want to work strenuous hours in uncomfortable temperatures
- - - - Stopping the Sahara from spreading
        
        7 kilometres thick
        
        11 million trees (carbon sink)
        
        Tree roots hold water (the crops will then get the water that is on the soil)
        
        Former dry wells are being replenished naturally (frees women and children (they are travelling to a closer place and can live a more fulfilled life) and this clean water helps reduce water related diseases (cholera etc), this clean water is helping their economy, by not spending money on these diseases and healthcare and by being ill from water diseases, they are too unwell to work on their farms (subsistence farmers), this means their families wouldn't eat)
        
        Trees provide leaf litter and this provides nutrients that are put back into the soil, these nutrients mean that other crops and vegetation can grow
        
        The canopy increases
    - - Costs 8 billion to build
        
        Very long and time consuming to build (effects won't be seen immediately)
        
        Many countries aren't planting the trees (1/11 countries have done it, only Senegal)
        
        Trees take a long time to grow
  - - - No water is lost (the water needed is given, this means they are not overwatered, no water is lost by evaporation, the water goes straight into the soil so it is taken up by the roots, use less water but the farm is the same size)
        
        Cheaper to install
        
        More sustainable (grow there for longer and makes the soil more fertile because of more crops growing)
    - - Initiacial costs are high (subsistence farmers are unable to access these)
        
        Not accessible for everyone
  - - - Easy to do (don't need maintenance (the occasional check up))
        
        Local people do the work and can teach each other (use simple models which means it is cheap and easy, local people can then water their crops and this can speed the growing process)
        
        They can plant crops immediately (subsistence farmers can immediately start filming their families and may have extra to sell and make them money)
    - - Only works in semi-arid deserts (wouldn't work in Sahara)
        
        Some wouldn't want to get involved and get on board (makes the process slower and harder)
        
        Manual labour
  - - - Cheap (only need spade and shovel)
        
        Easily accessible (don't need any teaching)
        
        Water infiltrates soil and this means crops have water
        
        Nutrients go directly into soil and into crops (no run off)
        
        Farmers do the work (local people)
        
        Decrease erosion and increase fertility (easier to grow)
    - - Only work in semi-arid deserts as they get a more sustainable amount of rainfall
- - - - Stop them sinking into the sand (large surface area)
        
        Stop their feet burning (leathery soles)
    - - Stop sand entering their eyes
        
        Eyebrows act as sunglasses
        
        Brows provide them with some shade
    - - Store fat so they don't have to eat as regularly
    - - Stop them burning in the sand
        
        Keep them warm at night
        
        Camouflage (sandy colour)
  - - - Spines
        
        By having spines not leaves, they loose less water through evapotranspiration
      - Roots
        
        Roots spread over a larger surface area rather than go deeper so that when it occasionally rains (once every one to two years), they can absorb the maximum amount of water
      - Dormant seeds
        
        Some plants only reproduce when it has rained, if they reproduced without rain, the seeds/saplings would die
        
        Seeds become dormant until it rains, it then germinates when it rains and reproduces
      - Water storage
        
        Thick stores in the branches to store water
        
        Thick outer skin layers so that animals can't access their supply as easily
  - - - Large ears/tail
        
        Larger surface area to loose heat (like elephants)
      - Small pointed nose
        
        Prevents water loss
      - Sandy coloured fur on the bottom of their feet
        
        Camouflage
        
        Stops them burning their feet
    - - Can slow down its metabolism
        
        By slowing down the amount of food it needs, it can survive on 1 - 2 insects a year
      - Doesn't drink water
        
        Gains the water from the insects that it eats
        
        Doesn't waste energy by travelling to water storages
      - Nocturnal
        
        Cooler
        
        Better hunting ground as more animals are nocturnal
- - - - Because of the freezing temperatures at night, people need fire wood to stay warm and provide light. This also means that the nutrients get blown away as the trees were holding the nutrients in, this also means that other vegetation can't thrive
    - - Unnatural high temperatures and less precipitation, this means that nutrients are being lost in the soil, this means it is more difficult for nutrients to grow
    - - Where more animals grazing and walking over land, more of the nutrients is being lost and natural vegetation is being lost and none is being replenished, this is meaning it is declining
    - - The soil erosion makes the soil extremely dry, this is because of high winds and low precipitation, the wind blows away the nutrients, making it difficult to grow crops