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REPORTED SPEECH - Coggle Diagram
REPORTED SPEECH
What is Reported Speech?
•“We have a mini-test today,” said Lan.
➔ Direct speech
•Lan said (that) we had a mini-test that day.
➔ Indirect speech OR reported speech
•A style used to report what a speaker actually said
:check:•Word changed
:check:•No quotation marks
Notes: Punctuations in Direct Speech
- “I’ll be off next week,” said Mary. :check: :check:
- “I’ll be off next week,” Mary said. :check:
- “I’ll be off next week,” said she :check:
- “I’ll be off next week,” she said. :check: :check:
- “Are you okay?,” she asked. :check:
- “Are you okay?” she asked. :check:
- “Are you okay?”, she asked. :red_cross:
Note: UK: Ms
US: Ms.
etc.,
Types
Reported Statements •Usually introduced by SAY or TELL
•THAT is optional.
•Personal pronouns and possessive adjectives changed according to context
Ex: “I like your car,” he said to Mary.
•Adverbials (of place and time) changed according to context
•Verb forms changed
Reported Questions
•Introduced with ASK, WONDER, INQUIRE, etc.
•Statement word order
•Wh-questions: ask + wh-word
•Yes/No questions: ask + if/whether
Ex: “Where did you have lunch?”
=> I asked Elaine where she’d had lunch. (NOT where had she)
“Can we take photos?”
=> Anna wondered if we could take photos. (NOT if could we)
Could you tell me what time it is, please?
Reported Commands/Requests/Suggestions
•To report orders, requests, warnings, advice, and invitations
•Used with infinitives or -Ings
“Watch out,” he said to me. ➔ He told me to watch out.
“Let’s play chess,” he said. ➔ He suggested playing chess.
Adverbials of time
tonight, today, this
week/month/year
:check:that night, that day, that
week/month/year
now
:check:then, at that time, at
once, immediately
-
yesterday, last night/
week/month/year
:check:the day before, the previous night/week/month/year
tomorrow, next week/
month/year
:check:the following day/ the day after, the following/next week/month/year
-
-
-
-
Modals change
can => could
may =>might
must => has to-inf, was/were to-inf
mustn’t => mustn’t, was/were not to-Inf, shouldn’t
must have p.p. => must have p.p.
needn’t => had to-Inf, didn’t have to-Inf, wouldn’t have to-Inf
will => would