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Topic 4: Computer And Community - Coggle Diagram
Topic 4: Computer And Community
Freedom of Speech
Def - Freedom of speech refers to the right to express any opinion without censorship or restraint
Acts & Regulations in Malayia - touch on the freedom of expression:
Internal Security Act (1960) / Akta Keselamatan Dalam Negeri
most controversial act in Malaysia
the ultimate deterrent, for the minister to detain any person who the minister fears will act in any manner prejudicial to the security of our country
Chapter iii - special powers relating to subversive publication
Official Secrets Act (1972) / Akta Rahsia Rasmi
prohibits taking or distributing documents prejudicial to the safety or interest of Malaysia
Document classified as official secrets
very concern with protecting confidential government matters
Defamation Act (1957) / Akta Fitnah
a defamatory statement is an untrue statement which disparages a person in his office, profession, calling, trade or business which injures a person's reputation by exposing him or her to hatred, contempt or ridicule
qualified privilege under section 12(1) for the media if the statements made by newspaper are found fair, accurate and without malice
Sedition Act (1948) / Akta Hasutan
act that touches on racial sensitivities
copyright act 1987
cyber laws of malaysia
communication and multimedia act (1998)
the printing presses and publications act (1948)
Communication Paradigm
Internet
aggressively replaced the other mass media forms of expressing views
is a powerful and positive forum for free expression
first medium that allows anyone with reasonably inexpensive equipment to publish to a wide audience
first medium that distributes information globally at almost no marginal cost
introduced a new form of speech in the form of electronic speech
Censorships in Cyberscpace
Offensive Speech
Found in cyberspace that some consider offensive:
political or religious speech
pornography
sexual or racial insutls
libelous statements
abortion information
alcohol ads
spam
Controlling the offensive speech in cyberspace
Filters :
blocks sites with specific words, phrases or image
parental control for sex and violence
updated frequently but may still screen out too much or too little
not possible to eliminate all errors
Hate speech - speech which attacks a person or group on the basis of attributes
Material inappropriate for children
Technology changes the context
Threat kids face on the net
cyber-bullying
cyber-grooming
identity theft
pornography
Child online protection
Limiting internet access in libraries and schools
Filtering software
Benefit
prevent access to inappropriate material on the internet by screening word or phrases, block sites according to rating system or disallowing access to specific sites in a list
Problems
can be ineffective
Spam
unsolicited, mass e-mail
may oass through filters
may contain objectionable content
Solution
try to avoid opening spam emails
don't buy anything from a spammer
don't threaten the spammer
don't be tempted to reply
avoid unsubsribe option
Net neutrality
principle that ISP should give consumer access to all legal content and application on an equal basis, without favouring some sources or blocking others
prohibits ISP from charging content providers for speedier delivery of their content on "fast lanes" and deliberately slowing the content from content providers that may compete with ISP
The Digital Devide
gap btw individual, households, business and geographic areas at diff socio-economic levels with regard both to their opportunity to access ICTs and their use of the Internet for a wide variety of activities
Socio-demographic barries - income,edu levels, gender, age, disabilities
Concern is growing that society may eventually become divided into 2 distinct group
one having access to tech and able to obtain information from the internet
others unable to gain access to tech and information
Bridging digital devide
provide access to tech helps create opportunities for social mobility
increasing tech access is key in eliminating poverty
Neo-Luddite
Criticisms of computing technology
computer cause massive unemployment & deskilling of jobs
computer cause social inequity
computers cause social disintegration
computer separate humans from nature & destroy the environment
what is the purpose of technology?
to Luddites, it is to eliminate jobs to reduce cost of production
to non Luddites, it is to reduce effort needed to produce goods and services
Accomplishments of technology
increase life expectancy
elimination or reduction of many diseases
increase standard of living
assistive technologies for those with disabilities