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Pollution and Soil Fertility - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Green Revolution increased
      - greatly rice and wheat production
      - simultaneously
        
        increased stubble
        
        post-harvest
      - However
        
        popular combined
        
        harvesting technique
        
        was not efficacious
        
        machines
        
        left behind one-foot-tall stalks
      - Prompted
        
        stubble burning
        
        as low-cost and speedy solution
        
        available to farmers
        
        due to limited time period of 20-25 days
        
        btw harvesting crops and sowing another
- - - - releases harmful gases
        
        including
        
        nitrogen oxide and
        
        carbon monoxide
        
        into atmosphere
        
        worsen
        
        making lungs weaker and
        
        people more susceptible to disease
        
        impact
        
        recovering from COVID infection
      - Vast smoke blankets
        
        across the Indo-gangetic plain
        
        and numerous neighbouring states
        
        Exposes
        
        million of people
        
        to air pollution
        
        Impact on soil fertility
        
        destroy organic fertilizers
        
        and reduces ground water levels
        
        threatens food security
      - Stubble burning
        
        offence under Section 188 of the Indian Penal Code
        
        Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1981
    - - Setting up
        
        Custom Hiring Centres
        
        facilitate farmers
        
        removing stubble
        
        by providing machinery on rent
      - Application
        
        happy seeders and super SMS machines
        
        improve agricultural productivity
        
        by 10% to 15%
        
        allowing
        
        soil to become more fertile
      - PUSA Decomposer
        
        help paddy straw
        
        to decompose
        
        at faster rate than usual
        
        farmers
        
        shred the straw
        
        spray solution
        
        containing fungai strains
        
        and mix it with soil
        
        for decomposition
        
        Potential to reduce
        
        air pollution and
        
        increase soil fertility