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Overpopulation, References: https://www.nationalgeographic…
Overpopulation
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Thomas Malthus
In his work "An Essay on the Principle of Population" he argued that increases in population would eventually diminish the ability of the world to feed itself, and in order to secure humankind's future, there must be stern limits on reproduction.
Population will always expand to the limit of subsistence. Preventative and positive checks were necessary in order to manage population sizes.
Positive checks: shorten the average lifespan, including disease, warfare, and famine. These would result in a Malthusian Catastrophe/ Malthusian Crisis, that would force a population to return to a state of basic survival.
The Irish Potato Famine of the 19th century was an example of a Malthusian Catastrophe; the rapidly growing Irish population was running out of food and also having to deal with the fragmentation of their land and political and economical upset with England.
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Industrial Revolution
Between 1700 and 1750 there is little remarkable population growth in England. However, during the revolution time, the population of England is believed to have doubled.
The world population growth rate increased from 0.1% to 57% after the start of the industrial revolution.
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The develpoment of machinery increased agricultural efficiency and housing conditions, Maning that more people earned enough money to afford and support larger families. This lead to increased birth rates.
Death rates fell during the revolution; improved diet due to improved food production, liveable wages, end of plague era, smallpox vaccine.
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