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Menopause - Coggle Diagram
Menopause
Clinical manifestations
Gradual atrophy of genitals
Low vaginal secretions
Gradual atrophy of breasts
Dyspareunia
weight gain
Thinning of hair
Mood swings
Loss of bone density
Hot flushes
Vascular changes
Pharmacological intervention
Hormone replacement therapy
Gabapentin
Clonidine
Vaginal estrogen
Health education
Breast self-examination is important
The woman should take HRT as prescribed
Regular exercise such as walking
Mammogram should be done yearly as advised by health practioner
Nursing intervention
The nurse should address psychological issues
The patient is at risk of developing cancer the nurse should be sensitive on the topic and feelings
Nutrition advise as well as support
Periodic medical assesment
Causes
Decrease in bone density resulting in osteoporosis
Less bone density results in pathological fracture
Decrease in estrogen results in vaginal pH increase
Pathophysiology
Oocytes in the ovaries undergo atrecia
There is a deterioration in size and number of follicles
Results from loss of ovarian sensitivity to gonadotrophin stimulation
Diet
About 2 liters of water a day
Food high in protein, iron, calcium and fiber
Definition
Menopause is when females reach at the end of their reproductive life