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physics - Coggle Diagram
physics
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All substances are made of atoms. These are often called particles. An atom is electrically neutral - has no overall electrical charge. However, each atom contains even smaller particles called
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If an atom gains an electron, it becomes negatively charged.
If an atom loses an electron, it becomes positively charged.
Electrons can move from one substance to another when objects are rubbed together. You may have done this with a party balloon: if you rub a balloon on your sweater, you can get the balloon to stick to the wall or to your hair. This is because of static electricity.
When you rub two different materials against each other, they become electrically charged. This only works for electrically insulated objects and not with materials like metals, which conduct. For example, if you rub an acetate plastic rod with a duster:
The simplest complete circuit is a piece of wire from one end of a battery to the other. An electric current can flow in the wire from one end of the battery to the other, but nothing useful happens. The wire just gets very hot and the battery loses stored internal energy – it ‘goes flat’ and stops working.
To do something useful with the electric current, you need to put an electrical component into the circuit (such as a lamp), that can use the current in a useful way.
Resistence
Each component of a circuit is a resistor. The resisitance is how easy or hard it is for the current to pass through a component. Current is voltage divided by resistence. Volatage = current times resistance. Resistance = voltage divided by current.
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