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Abiotic factors - Coggle Diagram
Abiotic factors
Salinity
Water potential
H2O and minerals an organism obtain
Freshwater habitats
Constant influx of H2O
Remove excessive H2O
Marine habitats
Remove excessive salts
Reduce H2O loss
Mangrove
Leaves have slat glands
Remove excessive salts
Maintain osmotic balance
Leaves have thick cuticles
Reduce H2O loss
Oxygen content
Mangrove
Aerial roots growth above waterlogged soil
Lenticels -> maxmize gas exchange with air
Obtain sufficient oxygen
Temperature
Solubility of O2
Concentration of dissolved O2
Animal
Species need high concentration of dissolved O2
Cold, fast-moving waters
Species more tolerant low dissolved O2 concentration
Warm, still waters
Water movement
Water flows quickly
Concentration of dissolved O2
Water availability
Rainfall majour source of H2O
Humidity affects rate if H2O loss from organisms
Xerophytes
Extension root system
Absorb H2O from large area
Covered with thick cuticle/ leaves modified into spines
Reduce H2O loss by transpiration
Store H2O in thick stems
Animals
Obtain H2O from metabolism
Have highly effective kidneys
Produce very concentration urine->reduce water loss
Nasal help reabsorb mointure from exhaled air
Stay in cool holes during day
Reduce H2O loss by sweating
Soil
Nutrient content
Organic matter
Animal dropping
Retail of dead organisms
Detrivorees and microorganisms decompose to form humus
Retains moisture
Improves fertility
Soil pH
Measure of acidity or alkalinity
The solubility of inorganic ions
The amounts of nutrients available
pH 5.5-7
Sizes of soil particles
Silt and clay
Easily waterlogged and poorly aerated
Sand
Cannot provide enough anchorage for large plants
Light
Light intensity
The rate of photosynthesis
hence affects the growth of plants
In terrestrial habitats
Plants tend to reach higher position by climbing up or growing tall
Prevent being blocked from sunlight
Plants grow in shady areas have larger leaves
Absorb more light for photosynthesis
In aquatic habitats
Live in shallow waters
Receive more light for photosynthesis
Relative length of daylight and night-time
Affect flowering of plants
Affects activities of animals
Diurnal
Nocturnal
Temperature
Organisms
The distribution and behaviour
Homoiotherms (warm-blooded)
Maintain body temperature by physiological means
Inhabit a wider geoggraphical range
Poikilotherms (cold-blooded)
Restricted to areas with a narrower temperature range
Body temperature varies with the environment temperature
Cold climates
Have thick layer of subcutaneous fat
Energy reserve
Reduces heat loss
Hot climates
Have larger ears and longer limbs
Larger surface area to promote heat loss
Birds and butterflies migrate ->warmer regions durin winter
Amphibians, reptiles and mammals hibernate during winter
Metabolic rate low
Reduces energy use and heat loss
Plants
The distribution of plants
In cold regions
In warm tropical or subtropical regions
The seasonal activities
Germination
Fruiting
Flowering
Water current
Strong wind generates strong waves
Animals
Hard shells
Secret cement-like substance ->attach rock
Muscular foot -> on the rock
Hide under rocks ->avoid washed
Streamlined flattened body
Swim agi nest water current with little resistance
Hide under rock
Mouth or fins are modified -> function like suckers
Able to hold onto rocks
Wind
The distribution and growth of plants
Pollination and dispersal of seeds
The direction of growth of plants
Have fleshly leaves with thick cuticle
Prevent H2O loss through transpiration