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chemistry revision - Coggle Diagram

- - - - poor conductors (heat/electricity)
      - brittle (break easily)
      - low melting and boiling point
      - dull
  - - - lustrous (shiny when polished)
      - malleable (can be shapedd)
      - ductile (can be drawn into thin wires
      - dense (closely compacted)
      - solid at room temp
      - thermal conductors
      - electrical conductors
- - - - the uncharged neutrons make no difference to chemical properties but do affect physical properties such as melting point and density
  - - - 1st shell holds a maximum of 2 electrons
      - 2nd shell holds a maximum of 8 electrons
      - 3rd shell holds a maximum of 8 electrons
      - electrons in the final shell are called valence electrons
- - - - transverse wave e.g. water waves
        
        perpendicular motion
        
        the number of crest that pass a given point within one seconds is described as the frequency of the wave
      - Longitudinal waves e.g. sound waves
        
        particles move parallel to the direction the wave travels
        
        is made of rarefractions (low density) and compressions (high densty)
  - - - light
      - microwaves
      - infrared
      - X-rays
      - ultraviolet rays
      - radio waves
- - - - warmer regions of a fluid are less dense than colder regions of the same fluid- warmer regions rise and colder regions sink, this flow is called a convection current. ---- occurs in gases and liquids.
    - - heat can travel through infrared waves, these are electromagnetic waves, e.g. there are no particles between the Sun and the Earth, so the heat cannot travel by conduction or by convection.
    - - particles that are close tongether transfer energy through direct contact as they vibrate ----- occurs in solids