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Electrical Ciruits - Coggle Diagram
Electrical Ciruits
Current and Charge
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Each electron carries a negative charge. Metals contain lots of electrons that move about freely between the positivley charged metal ions. These electrons stop the ions moving away from each other. The electrons pass through the bulb because it is in a circuit and the bulb filament is metal.
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The size of electrical current is the rate of flow of electrical charge. (the flow of charge per second).
The bigger the number of electrons that pass through a component each second, the bigger is the current passing through it.
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Electrical charge is measured in coulombs, electrical current is measured in amperes
Charge flow, Q = Current, I X time taken, t
Coloumbs, c = amperes, A X seconds, S
The above equation can be also rearranged into: Q=it, i=Q/t, or t=Q/i
Diodes - You would damage something electrical if you put the battery's in the wrong way around, unless a diode were in series with the battery. The diode allows current through only when it is connected.
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4.5 Series circuit
In a series circuit, the same current passes through each component.
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The totals potential differnece of cells in series is the sum of the potential difference of each cell.
For cells in series, acting in the same direction, the total potential difference is teh sum of their individual potential differences
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Adding more resistors in series increases the total resistance because the current through the resistors is reduced and the total potential difference across them is changed
4.6 Parallel circuits
The total current through the whole circuit is the sum of the currents through the separate branches
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The total resistance of two or more components in parallel is less that the resistance of the resistor with the least resistance.
The bigger the resistance of a component, the smaller the current that will pass through that component
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Adding more resistors in parallel decreases the total resistance because the total current through the resistors is increased and the total potential difference across them is unchanged.
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