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CHAPTER 4 : COMPUTER AND COMMUNITY - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 4 : COMPUTER AND COMMUNITY
Communication Paradigm
Internet
The internet has now aggressively replaced the other mass media forms of expressing views.
Internet - powerful & positive forum for free expression.
Today, the development of electronic technology has created a revolution in the way information is disseminated & communicated.
Internet - Allow anyone with inexpensive equipment to publish to a wide audience.
Internet - 1st medium that distributes info globally at almost no marginal cost.
Internet - Introduced a new form of speech (electronic form)
Freedom of Speech
Definition
Freedom (noun) : The power or right to act, speak,
or think as one wants without hindrance or restraint.
Freedom of speech : Refers to the right to express any opinions without censorship or restraint.
Acts and Regulations
Internal Security Act (1960)
Most controversial act in Malaysia
The ultimate deterrent, for the minister to detain any person who the minister fears will act in any manner prejudicial to the security of our country.
Chapter III - Specials Powers Relating to Subversive Publication.
In 2008, Raja Petra was arrested under the ISA for being a threat to security - blog writing.
Official Secrets Act (1972)
Prohibits taking or disturbing documents prejudicial to the safety or interests of Malaysia.
Document classified as official secrets (map, plan, photograph, disc, tape, tape sound track, film or other visual images.
Very concerned with protecting confidential government matters, However, free flow of information through the Internet makes it more challenging.
Defamation Act (1957)
A defamatory statement (verbal @ written) - untrue statement which disparages a person in his office, profession, calling, trade @ business that injures a person's reputation by exposion him or her to hatred, contempt or ridicule.
Qualified privilege under section 12(!) for the media if the statements made by newspaper are found fair, accurate & without malice.
Sedition Act (1948)
Act that touches on racial sensitives.
Section 2 : states that any act, speech, words @ publications are seditious if they have a "seditious tendency"
Jeff Ooi's /Alvin Tan's case when an individual left a comment demeaning and damaging the image of Islam.
Copyright Act (1987)
Cyber Laws of Malaysia
Communication and Multimedia Act (1998)
The Printing Presses and Publications Act (1984)
Censorships in Cyberspace
Offensive Speech
Political @ religious speech, pornography, sexual @ racial insults, libelous statements, abortion info, alcohol ads & spam.
Controlling Cyberspace
Block sites with specific words, phrases @ images, parental control for sex & violence, updated frequently, not possible to eliminate errors.
Material Inappropriate for Children
Technology Changes the Context
0
Threats Kids Face on the Net
Cyber-bullying, cyber-grooming, identity theft & pornography
Child Online Protection
Limiting Internet Access in Libraries and Schools
Filtering software
Spam & Anonymity
Anonymity : The quality or state of being anonymous
Spam - unsolicited, mass email which are cheap tosenders but may impose costs on the recipent's time and online account
The Digital Divide
Gap between individuals, households, businesses & geographic areas at different socio-economic levels.
Socio demographic barriers - income, education levels, gender, age & disabilities.
Bridging Digital Divide
Provide access to technology & helps create opportunities for social mobility.
Increasing technological access is key in eliminating poverty
Malaysian Government
Malaysia ICT spending RM10b in 2013
Kampung WiFi
Neo-Luddite
Criticisms of Computing Technologies
Computer cause massive unemployment & deskilling jobs, social inequity, social disintegration, manufacturer needs
Computer separate humans from nature & destroy the environment, benefit big business & big government, do or nothing to solve real problems.
TECHNOLOGY - To eliminate jobs to reduce cost of production (Luddite)
and to reduce effort needed to produce goods & services (Non-Luddite)
Accomplishment : Increase life expectancy, eliminate diseases, increase live standard & assistive technologies