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Physics Paper 2 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - 1 Joule = 1 Newton metre
  - - - Pressure = height of the column x density x gravity
  - - - Displacemnt has distance, straight line from start and the direction measured form the start point a
      - distance = speed x time
    - - Velocity is a speed in a given direction
    - - Calucualated from the gradient of a point tangent on velcotiy time graphs
      - Final velcity ^2 - Iniital velocity ^2 = 2 x acceleration x distance
        
        Only with uniform acceletation
  - - - IF resultant force is zero, if an object is stationary it will remain stationary, if it is moving its veocity will not change
        
        Intertia is the tendacy for objects to want to stay in this continous state
    - - Acceleration is proportional to the force acting on the object and inversely proportional to the mass of the object
        
        F = mass x acceleration
        
        Intetial mass is the measure of how difficult it is to change the velocity of an object
        
        Force / accceration
    - - A force acts on an object, the object gives back on equal and opposite force
  - - - Reaction time varies from person to person, affected by drugs, tiredness
      - Braking Distance is effected by poor weather conditions or poor condition of car
        
        When braking force is applied, the kinectic energy turns into heat which can cause overheaing and damae with repeated large decelerations
  - - - In a closed system, the total momentum beofre an event is ewual to the total momentum after
    - - Force = mass x change in velocity/ change in time
        
        change in momentum = mass x change in velocity
        
        air bags increase the time it takes for a change in momentum so less force
- - - - Sound waves can travel through solids causing vibrations in the
        solid
  - - - The image produced by a convex lens can be either real or virtual.
      - The image produced by a concave lens is always virtual.
  - - - radio waves – television and radio
      - • microwaves – satellite communications, cooking food
      - • infrared – electrical heaters, cooking food, infrared cameras
      - • visible light – fibre optic communications
      - • ultraviolet – energy efficient lamps, sun tanning
      - • X-rays and gamma rays – medical imaging and treatment
    - - Differnet substances may cause different variation with the wavelengh
      - refraction is due to difference in velocity of the waves in different substances
      - Radio waves can be produced by oscillations in electrical
        circuit
        
        Can induce oscillations in an electrical circuit
      - Changes in atoms causes em waves to be generated or absorbed
      - Ultraviolet waves, X-rays and gamma ray, radiation dose measured in in sievert
- - - - Adding an iron core makes it stronger
  - - - Used in alternators and dynamos
      - Pressure waves move the conductor to create changes in electrical current
  - - - output of secondary = to the input of primary
- - - - Main Sequence Star
        
        Red Super Giant
        
        Supernova
        
        Neutron Star
        
        Blackhole
        
        Creates elements heavier than iron and spreads them through universe
        
        Red Giant
        
        White dwarf
        
        Black dwarf