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Neurons - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Axon hillock- The area that the plasma membrane generates nerve impulses.
      - Axon terminal- Releases neurotransmitters of the presynaptic cell into the synaptic cleft.
      - Myelin- insulating layer that surrounds axon and is also conductive of the impulse.
        
        Saltatory conduction: A rapid type of neuronal action potential conduction that occurs in myelinated axons in which only the nodes of Ranvier are depolarized.
        
        Nodes of Ranvier: The unmyelinated segment of an axon between two internodes.
      - Action potential mechanism- change of voltage across membrane based on the influence of ions.
        
        Sodium voltage gated channel: membrane proteins that change conformation in the response to depolarization.
        
        Potassium voltage gated channel: Transmembrane channels responsible for returning the depolarized cell to a resting state after each nerve impulse
        
        Depolarization: cell undergoes a shift in charge distribution and becomes less negative.
        
        Hyperpolarization: Change in a cell's membrane potential that makes it more negative. Increased the stimulus to move the membranes action potential.
        
        Metabotropic post synapse response: activates G-proteins, which then dissociate from the receptor and interact directly with ion channels or bind to other effector proteins, such as enzymes, that make intracellular messengers that open or close ion channels
        
        IPSP (Inhibitory postsynaptic potential): A change in the membrane potential of a neuron in which it becomes more negative due to the outflow of positive ions or the influx of negative ions.
        
        Threshold potential: a membrane potential must be depolarized to initiate an action potential
        
        EPSP (Excitatory postsynaptic potential): A change in the membrane potential of a neuron in which it becomes less negative due to the influx of positive ions.
        
        Summation: the phenomenon that combines local postsynaptic potentials.
        
        Neurotransmitter: Chemical messengers produced by neurons that communicate with target cells.
        
        Electrical synapse: A type of synapse in which two cells are joined by gap junctions that allow the bidirectional flow of ions.
        
        Inactivation gate: peak of depolarization, the inactivation gate closes. During repolarization, no more sodium can enter the cell.
        
        Vesicular synapse: membrane sacs that carry neurotransmitters from the cell body. Release is regulated by voltage dependent calcium channel.
        
        Electrotonic spread change in synaptic conductance, or a change in voltage-gated conductance