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Managing Employees' Performance - Coggle Diagram
Managing Employees'
Performance
2. Purposes
Administrative Purpose
Developmental Purpose
Strategic Purpose
1. Processes
Observe whether activities and outputs occur
Provide feedback to help employees meet expectations
Know what activities & desired outputs
3. Criteria for Effective Perf. Mgt
Reliability
yield consistent results over time
Acceptability
accepted by those who use it
Validity
measure what it is intended to
Combination of:
Deficiency
: Actual/True job perf. - only have actual perf
Contamination
: Job perf. measure - only collect data
Specific feedback
give specific expectations and methods to achieve goals
Fit the strategy
support Co's goals
4. Methods for Measuring Perf.
Rating Behaviors
phù hợp để dùng cho các
khối/ngành dịch vụ
IN FINAL EXAM!
Critical-incident Method
require Co. to keep all records of everything happened from each employee
=> know specific situation of perf.
(-): much time-consuming & hard for external factors to know due to its internal records
Behaviorally Anchored Rating Skills
(BARS)
build up some procedures that employees must do
Behavioral Observation Scale
(BOS)
focus on frequency of actions (always -> never)
Organizational Behavior Modification
(OBM)
Take some behaviors:
if good results => do again
if bad results => not do it again
Provide feedback to encourage employees to achieve goals
not preferred as a method!
Total Quality Mgt (TQM)
best measurement - assess both individual perf. & system
(+)
: better quality, in every aspect, effective teamwork
(-)
: expensive, production discruption, employees' resistance
Rating Attributes
Graphic Rating Scale
List traits and provide rating scale for each
(-): not fully reflect on all items & biased (feelings, knowledge, experience)
Mixed-standard Scale
Use several statements to describe each trait (initiative, intelligence, relationship with others - level of perf: low - medium - high)
(+): increase accuracy of perf. mgt & decrease biases for better explanations
Measuring Results
Productivity
: How many products produced?
Mgt by Objectives (MBO)
(-): conflicts bw objectives from different departments in Co.
not give feedback for employees to know where they are? (not same as BARS/BOS as employees know they are in level 6 => they want to level 6)
Making Comparisons
Forced-distribution Method
assign a certain % of employees to each category
(-) not realistic
Paired-comparison Method
developed from Simple Ranking
compare each employee with another to establish rank
(-): time-consuming & biased
Simple Ranking
rank from the highest to lowest level in a group
(+) an easy and quick way
(-) depend on feeling/knowledge of rankers => Biased
8. Legal an Ethical Issues
Legal requirements for Perf. Mgt
Lawsuits arise in:
Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures
Unjust dismissal
Systems should be legally defensible
Electronic Monitoring & Employee Privacy
5. Sources of Perf. Infomation
360-degree Perf. Appraisal
:
collect from
various sources (internal + external)
minimize biases
7a. Giving Perf. Feedback
Prepare for a feedback session
Conduct the feedback session
"Tell-and-listen" approach
: give ratings & opinion to explain
"Problem-solving" approach
: only care abt solutions, not opinions
"Tell-and-sell" approach
: give ratings & justify results
Schedule Perf. Feedback
6. Errors in Perf. Measurement
Types of Rating Errors
Contrast error
Distributional error - use only part of rating scale
Leniency
: rate ppl near top
Strictness
: rate ppl near low
Central tendency
: rate ppl in the middle of scale
Raters give ranks similar to themselves
Rater bias:
Halo error
: bias causes favorable ratings (dựa vào 1 đđ tốt của nv A (ns TA rất tốt => evaluate positive perf)
Horns error
: bias causes negative ratings (ex: stereotype ex: biết 1 ng học trg quốc tế, học dốt, nhà giàu => assume all is the same)
Ways to Reduce Errors
Raters can be trained thru:
rate fictional employees & discuss decisions
study actual ex of various perf.
focus on complex nature of perf.
Use data analysts to find patterns
Political Behavior in Perf. Appraisals
Calibration meetings
- minimize politics
7b. Solutions for Perf. Problems
Lack of motivation
review motivation policy
Lack of both
direct employees' attention and withhold rewards and specific feedback
Lack of neither
:
Lack of ability
need more training courses