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URT pathogens - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Bird guana (C. neoformans) :bird:
      - Dead plant material (C. gatti) :fallen_leaf:
        
        Eucalyptus hollows
    - - Nasal cavity invasion
        
        Haematogenous dissemination
        
        Systemic mycosis
        
        Cutaneous lesions
        
        Extension to LRT / CNS
        
        Cryptococcal rhinitis
      - :cat2: + :horse_racing: susceptible
  - - - Inhaled conidia (spores) - Aspergillus
        
        Nasal sinus deposition
        
        Epithelial cell adherence
      - Saphorytes
        
        Soil, decaying vegetation, water, air
    - - Immunosuppression - opportunistic
        
        Conidia germination --> hyphae
        
        Inflammation response+Toxins
        
        Bony + turbinate destruction
  - - - Endotracheal tube (breathing tube)
    - - Amphotericin B
      - Clotrimazole; bifonazole; eniloconazole
- - - - Clinical signs
        
        Malaise (discomfort) /anorexia
        
        Sneezing; nasal discharge
        
        Severe- Chronic snuffling
        
        Pneumonia in kittens
        
        :eye: Ocular discharge; conjunctivitis; keratitis
    - - Latent infection
        
        Stressor reactivation
        
        ~1wk
        
        Trigeminal nerve ganglia migration
        
        Lifelong infection
      - Acute - incubation: 1-7d
        
        Epithelial mucosa
        
        Cell lysis + Rapid replication
        
        RT + conjunctiva
    - - F3 vaccinations
        
        :arrow_down: Dz severity + latent viral load
        
        Infection still possible
      - Symptomatic treatment
        
        Topical anti-viral ophthalmic drops
        
        Decongestants; probiotics; broad spectrum antibacterials
      - Disinfection
        
        Diluted bleach ; peroxide
        
        Kills norovirus
  - - - Clinical signs
        
        Oral / nasal plane ulceration; ptyalism (salivation)
        
        (Nasal discharge + sneezing)
    - - F3 Vaccinations
        
        :red_cross: protection against all strains
        
        Changeable
      - Disinfectants
        
        Bleach dilution; most commercial products
      - Topical eye medication; broad spectrum antibacterials; decongestants
    - - Incubation period = 2-6d
      - Shutdown host cell protein synthesis
        
        Rapid cell lysis
      - Vesicle formation
        
        Ulceration
        
        Neutrophil infiltration
        
        Secondary bacterial invasion
        
        Initial viraemia
        
        Dissemination
      - Tropism - viral strain-specific
        
        Limping syndrome
        
        Polyarthritis
        
        Synovial hyperplasia
        
        :arrow_up: Joint fluid
        
        Systemic dz
  - - - Conjunctiva; nose; mouth; scarified skin lesion
    - - Skin lesions