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(The long-termhealth consequences of human-induced climate changeare…
The long-termhealth consequences of human-induced climate changeare likely to be profound and include threats to the foodsupply, natural disasters, infectious diseases, sea-levelrise.
The globalization of trade, travel and culture islikely to have both positive and negative impacts onhealth
Notable progress towards the eradication orelimination of various major infectious diseases hasbeen made. For example, the annual incidence of poliohas fallen from an estimated 350,000 cases in 1988 (thestart of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative), to anestimated maximum of 20,000 in 1999.
the WHO, UN and UNICEF have made efforts for immunization coverage for diphtheria, pertussis andtetanus (DPT), tuberculosis, measles and polio iscurrently 80 per cent or more in a majority ofcountries, as compared to approximately 30 per cent 20years ago.
The number of people over the age of 65 is likelyto reach 10 per cent of the global population by 2025,and increases of up to 300 per cent in the olderpopulation are expected in some developing countries.
A future trend is At the dawn of the new millennium, poverty islikely to remain the number one killer worldwide.
Over the past decade, average life expectancy hasincreased, infant and child mortality rates havedeclined, and the proportion of underweight andstunted children has decreased.
More than 20 million women continue toexperience ill health each year as a result of pregnancy.The lives of 8 million of those women are threatenedby serious health problems, and about 500,000 women,almost 90 per cent of whom are in Africa and Asia.
Many health problems will continue to beexacerbated by pollution, noise, crowding, inadequatewater and sanitation, improper waste disposal,chemical contamination, poisonings and physicalhazards associated with the growth of denselypopulated cities
In some of the poorest countries of the world, onein five children still fails to reach his or her fifthbirthday, mainly owing to infectious diseases related tothe environment.
More than 200 million people live today incountries with an average life expectancy of less than45 years. Average life expectancy at birth in 1999 was49.2 years in the least developed countries, comparedto 61.4 for all developing countries and 75.2 fordeveloped countries.
High (or rising) HIV infection rates are alsooccurring in many other parts of the world. Forexample, in Asia, where more than 6 million people areliving with HIV/AIDS, there is the potential for anexplosive epidemic.
Many infectious diseases have receded, owing toimproved sanitation, nutrition, drugs and vaccines
WHO’s Making PregnancySafer strategy will contribute to worldwide efforts toreduce maternal and perinatal mortality.
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There is increasing concern about food safety,related both to chemical substances andmicroorganisms.
At the dawn of the new millennium, poverty islikely to remain the number one killer worldwide.
Disasters, both human-induced and natural, offsetyears of development and are foremost causes ofpoverty and renewed vulnerability.
In addition to preventive actions in environmentalhealth, efforts to improve the health of young childrenunder the age of five have been strengthened by thestrategy of integrated management of childhood illness.
Health has become a more central concern indevelopment, both as a contributor to, and an indicatorof, sustainable development.