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Parkinson's disease - Coggle Diagram
Parkinson's disease
Pathophysiology
Degenerative disease of the basal ganglia in the nigrostriatal pathway and this results in depletion of stratal dopamine.
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Labs/Diagnostic Tests
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metabolic: metabolites within cells, fluids, and tissues
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Risk Factors
Environmental factors: agricultural pesticides (herbicides and pesticides),
Genetic: Genes that are dominant are associated with severe PD and recessive gene is associated with mild symptoms od PD.
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Symptoms
Tremors in the hands, feet, head, neck, face, lips, tongue, or jaw. Could be unilateral or bilateral after disease progresses.
Rigidity: Jerking, ratchet-like movements that waste energy. This begins unilaterally and progresses to bilateral movements.
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Urinary incontinence, constipation and impotence.
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Complications
Falls and other safety issues due to poor coordination and unsteady gait. Loss of postural reflexes which causes the person with PD to fall backwards.
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Dementia in late stages, and slower loss of memory compared to Alzheimer's disease.
Collaborative Management
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Medication including anticholinergics , dopamine agonists, Levodopa.
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Brain stimulation: electrodes connected to an impulse generator to block tremors and abnormal motor activity