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What i learned in week 13? - Coggle Diagram
What i learned in week 13?
Analytical Instrumentation
Viscosity measurement
Terminology of viscosity
Kinematics Viscosity (𝜈)
Sayboltviscometer
Shear viscometer
Absolute (or Dynamic) Viscosity (𝜇)
Capillary viscometer:(Laboratory type)
Design
ZeitfuchsTransparent
BS/U-Tube viscometers
Cannon-Fenske Routine
Ubbelohde
Reverse Flow Viscometers
Dilution Viscometers
Vacuum Viscometers
Efflux cup viscometers: (Sayboltviscometer)
Types
Furol
orifice
Road
oil orifice
Universal orifice
Falling ball viscometers
Principle
Stoke’s falling ball principle
Rotational viscometers
Principle
The instrument then converts the torque value into viscosity.
The viscosity depends on the geometry of the spindle (its shape and size) and the speed of rotation.
Design
Cone spindles
Vane and T-bar spindles
Cylindrical spindles
The spiral spindle
The disc spindle
Humidity measurement
Meaning
Humidity is the term connected with the amount of water vapor present in air or gas.
Typical measurement methods
Psychrometric methods
Condensation methods
Sorption methods
Measurement
Electronic hygrometer (capacitive type)
Chilled-mirror dewpoint hygrometer
Hair hygrometer & hair hygrograph
Lithium chloride dewpoint hygrometer (Dewcel)
Psychrometer
Aspirating Psychrometer
Sling Psychrometer
pH measurement
meaning
pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid solution.
Types
Colorimetric pH measurement
Measure the pH of a solution by changing of color.
Examples
Litmus paper
A natural example
Red cabbage
Butterfly pea
hydrangea
Potentiometric
Principle
The difference in ion concentrations between the two cell halves will develop between the two electrodes.
The greater the difference in concentrations between the two sides, the greater the voltage produced by the cell.
Consist of
Reference electrode
Measurement electrode
Disadvantage
Cleaning in dirty process applications
Weight measurement (continue)
Capacitance
Principle
Measure electrical capacitance of a conductive rod inserted vertically into a process vessel.
two basic varieties
one for conductive liquids
one for nonconductive liquids
Selection Criteria
type of measurement (continuous level, interface or point level)
physical or chemical changes to material in container
material to be measured
vapors in the air space with temperature changes or heavy dust
accuracy and repeatability
solids or liquids to be measured
range or height of measurement
dielectric constant