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ALOPECIA alopecia - Coggle Diagram
ALOPECIA
DEFINITION
Hair loss affecting the scalp and entire body
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Occurs by conversion of testosterone by 5-alpha reductase.
This binds to androgen receptor on susceptible hair follicles.
Hormone receptor complex activates certain genes.
Dihydrotestosterone occurs
These genes are responsible for transformation of terminal follicle to miniaturized follicles.
CAUSES
Certain medical conditions eg alopecia areata
Side effects from medications and supplements.
Hormonal changes due to menopause, pregnancy, thyroid problems
Hair radiation therapy
Family history of alopecia
Hairstyle treaments.
Cancer therapy
Fungal infection from ringworm of the scalp.
Mental and physical stress
MANAGEMENT
Hair transplantation
Good hair growing skin is transported to bald skin
Scalp reduction
Surgical removal of bald scalp.
Hair-bearing scalp is brought closer together
Scalp expansion
Insertion of devices onto the scalp for stretching the skin.
RISK FACTORS
Age
Certain medical conditions eg diabetes
Stress
Certain treatments eg chemotherapy
Massive weight loss
Mulnutrition
Family history of alopecia
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Itchy skin before the hair falls out.
Fully body hair loss
Patchy and circular bald spots
Wide spread patches over the scalp.
Receding hairline on women.
HEALTH EDUCATION
Avoid tangling of hair
Consult a doctor about supplements that may cause alopecia
Use of a detangler when brushing hair
Limit your hair from ultraviolet and sunlight
Stop smoking
Use cooling cap during chemotherapy
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
Scalp biopsy to examine hair roots.
Light microscopy to detect possible hair haft disorders.
Pull test to determine shedding stage
Blood tests to detect alopecia causing medical conditions.
PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPY
Finasteride for stimulation of hair regrowth.
Corticosteroid in cases of alopecia areata.
Minoxidil for hair regrowth.
NURSING MANAGEMENT
Nursing management
Restrict use of strong hair products.
Advise women to wear head pieces
Encourage verbalization of fears relating to self image
Inform male patients about complications of using minoxidil
Reassure the patient about regrowth of hair after chemotherapy.
Encourage a diet rich in protein and iron
Encourage patients to be gentle with remaining hair.
Application of aloe vera on affected scalp.
Diagnosis
Low self esteem due to loss of hair
Baldness
Evaluation
Improved self esteem
Partial regrowth of hair.
DIET
Omega 3 fatty acids eg flax seeds
Protein rich diet inclusive of eggs, chicken etc
Food rich in antioxidants eg bright colored fruits
Onion juice
Aloe vera juice
REFERENCES
www.gogglescholar.com assessed online[assessed 22/05/2020]
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hair-loss/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372932