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Group formation and devleopment - Coggle Diagram
Group formation and devleopment
Tuckman (1965) argued that a group would typically move through five separate stages of development
Forming
Storming
Norming
Performing
Adjourning
Some groups will more effortlessly through the five stages while others become stuck at a certain stage which require the intervention of an authority figure
Forming
Refers to initial establishment and first stage in group development
In the workplace formal groups are made when a manager or group of managers identify work or a task requiring group effort
The manager or a group member may select the members, typically based on required skills and experience but also availability
The group needs to be well structured and have members able to fulfil the desired roles and specialism
Group should be able to work together
Group dynamics is the term used to describe the behavioural interactions and patterns of behaviour that occur when groups of people meet
Since group members may not know each other when they first meet they must develop co-operative work structures
Storming
May describe interactions over the first few meetings or weeks
Members of the group get to know each other
Often characterised by intragroup conflict as members clarify their role and position and seek to influence other members
Norming
Members of the group establish guidelines and standards and develop their own norms of acceptable behaviour
Group norms are expected modes of behaviour and beliefs established either formally or informally by a group
Norms guide behaviour and facilitate interaction by specifying the kinds of reactions expected or acceptable in a particular situation
Characterised by close relationships and cohesiveness
Groups of people are cohesive when the group ideology is strong and individual members identify closely with the grouo
Group cohesion describes the extent to which members of a group interact, co-operate, are untied and work together effectively
Generally the greater the cohesiveness within a group, the more rewarding the experience is for the members, therefore the chances of success are higher
Performing
Group is fully functional
Not all groups reach this stage and some groups take longer to reach it than others
Studies have should that diverse and multicultural groups may take longer to reach this stage
May take months dependent upon the amount of group conflict
Adjournment
For temporary groups
Characterised by concern with wrapping up activities rather than task performance