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THE WAR OF THE ROSES (1455 - 1485) - Coggle Diagram
THE WAR OF THE ROSES (1455 - 1485)
House of Lancaster
Henry V
Henry IV
Henry VI
In 1422, Henry VI succeeded his father, Henry V, and became King of England—at just nine months old.
He also became the disputed King of France.
In 1445, He married Margaret of Anjou.
Henry’s lack of leadership led him to lose almost all his holdings in France.
The rivalry between Henry and Richard of York set the stage for 30 years of battle power of the english throne (Lancaster vs York)
In 1455 Richard of York supports Henry VI (when he goes mad) and removes the corrupt Edmund Beaufort from his post.
In February 1455, Henry recovered from his spell of insanity almost as suddenly as he had yielded to it. Richard and his ministers were sent away and Somerset reinstated.
Members
Margaret of Anjou
House of York
Eward IV
Edward V
Richard III
Members
Richard of York
Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York (22 September 1411 – 30 December 1460), also named Richard Plantagenet, was a leading English magnate, a great-grandson of King Edward III through his father, and a great-great-great-grandson of the same king through his mother. .
He inherited vast estates and served in various offices of state in Ireland, France, and England, a country he ultimately governed as Lord Protector during the madness of King Henry VI.
Two of his sons, Edward IV and Richard III, later ascended the throne.
The Wars of the Roses were a series of bloody civil wars for the throne of England between the House of York and the House of Lancaster.
House Of Plantagenet, Coat Of Arms
Battles
The Battle of Blore Heath
- Richard of York vs Margaret
As Richard maintained an unstable hold on England, Margaret worked behind the scenes to restore Henry to the throne and uphold her son’s place as his rightful heir.
Fearing his days were numbered, Richard formed an army commanded by Lord Salisbury.
Salisbury’s army met Margaret’s large and well-equipped army, commanded by Lord Audley, at Blore Heath on September 23, 1459 in Staffordshire. The Yorks soundly defeated the Lancastrians.
Battle of St. Albans
- Richard of York vs Henry VI
On May 22, 1455, Richard of York, aligned with Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, marched against Henry at St. Albans.
After failed negotiations, the brief yet vicious battle raged through the town’s streets and left Somerset dead and Henry wounded.
The Yorks took Henry prisoner and Richard became Lord Protector again. Queen Margaret and her young son, fearful for their lives, went into exile
The Battles of Ludford Bridge and Northampton
- Richard of York vs Henry VI and Margaret
By autumn of 1459, Henry and his queen had once again gathered a significant army, which now included many York deserters.
On the night of October 12, many Yorks left and their leaders fled; Richard himself fled back to Ireland.
The Battle of Ludford Bridge was not waged with ammunition but was a battle of wills and courage.
But Richard and his supporters were not finished harassing Henry and Margaret. In June of 1460, Richard’s ally Warwick entered London with thousands of men.
But unbeknownst to Henry, one of his Lancastrian commanders was a turncoat and allowed Warwick’s men access to Henry’s camp. The Yorks easily won the battle and captured King Henry as Margaret fled once again.
The Battle of Wakefield
- Richard of York vs Margaret
With Henry under his control, Richard again proclaimed himself and his heirs Henry’s successors. Henry agreed so long as he would retain the crown until his death.
Their agreement was passed by the English Parliament and called the Act of Accord. The ambitious Queen Margaret, however, would have none of this compromise, and raised another army to rise against the Yorks.
Richard set out with his forces to defeat Margaret’s army and settle the matter of succession once and for all. The armies clashed at Wakefield Green near Sandal Castle.
But things did not work out as Richard had planned. He was killed; his severed head was put on display wearing a paper crown.
Battle of Towton
- Edward vs Henry VI
In the middle of winter 1461, his York forces defeated the Lancastrians at the Battle of Mortimer’s Cross. Weeks later, they were crushed by the Lancastrians at the Second Battle of St. Albans
In March of 1461, Edward confronted the Lancastrian army in a snowstorm in the middle of a field near Towton, North Yorkshire. It is believed over 50,000 men engaged in brutal fighting and around 28,000 died.
Henry, Margaret and their son fled to Scotland leaving Edward King of England.
Richard’s son Edward, Earl of March, succeeded his father. He also took over where Richard left off against the Lancastrians.
The Battle of Towton was the bloodiest one-day battle in England’s history. The Yorks emerged victorious and Henry, Margaret and their son fled to Scotland leaving Edward King of England.
Power Changes Hands Again and Again
With the help of her compatriots in France, she removed Edward and restored her husband to the throne in October 1470.
In 1471, Edward won the Battle of Barnett.
Edward IV may have gained the throne, but he’d underestimated the deposed Queen Margaret’s stealth and ambition.
In 1471, Edward won the Battle of Tewksbury (Henry VI`s only son died in battle.
In 1471, Henry VI died.
Edward IV is crowned king of England
Queen Margaret died in France
Princes in the Tower
Crowned as King of England on 9 April 1485 until 26 June 1483. He was king for just 86 days.
Richard III, the ambitious brother of Edward IV, became his nephew Edward’s Lord Protector—but he plotted to have Edward V and his younger brother declared illegitimate.
King Edward IV died in 1483 and was succeeded by his young son Edward V.
The power-hungry Richard succeeded in his plot and was crowned in July 1483.
To eliminate any threats to his throne, Richard III had his young nephews held in the Tower of London, supposedly for their protection. When both boys—now famous as the Princes in the Tower—vanished and Richard was accused of ordering them murdered, the king quickly lost favor with his people.
Battle of Bosworth
- Richard III vs Henry Tudor
Richard was killed in battle.
Henry VII
(House of Tudor)
is crowned king on 30 October 1485
After his official coronation, Henry married Elizabeth of York to reconcile the long-feuding Lancaster and York houses. This union ended the Wars of the Roses and gave rise to the Tudor Dynasty.
