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ADVERBS - Coggle Diagram
ADVERBS
Forms
•Adverbs frequently end in –ly: slowly, quickly, etc.
Not all words end in –ly are adverbs: friendly, lovely, etc
•Some adverbs do not have an –ly ending: always, well, etc.
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•Simple adverbs: just, only, well, back, down, pretty, etc.
•Compound adverbs: somehow, somewhere, therefore, whereupon, hereby, etc.
•Derivational adverbs:
-ward(s): onorthward(s)
-fashion: schoolboy-fashion
o=-ways: sideways
o-style: cowboy-style
-wise: clockwise
-ly: oddly, interestingly
Definition of Terms
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•An adverb: a word that describes or adds to the meaning of a verb, an adjective, another adverb, or a sentence, and which answers such questions as how, where, or when
•Adverbial: any word, phrase, or clause that functions like an adverb
➔ adverb = one-word adverbial
•Adverbials may be classified as adjuncts, conjuncts, or disjuncts
•Adjuncts: part of the basic structure of a clause or sentence in which it occurs, and modifies the verb
He died in England.
I have almost finished.
Conjuncts: not part of the basic structure of a clause or sentence
Altogether it was a happy week.
However, the weather was not good.
•Disjuncts: (also called sentence adverbs) adverbs which show the speaker’s attitude to or evaluation of what is said in the rest of the sentence Naturally, I paid for my own meal. I had to pay for my own meal, unfortunately.
•Particle: a term used for a word which cannot readily be identified with any of the main PARTS OF SPEECH/ WORD CLASS
She did not receive my email.
My goal is to get a bachelor’s degree.
•Adverb particle: a word such as in, back, on, etc. when it modifies a verb rather than a noun The car is in the garage. oThe train’s getting in.
Types of adverbs
Adverbs of Manner
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Usually placed after the main verb, after the object (if there is one), or between the subject and the verb
He drove fast
He washed his hands carefully.
She angrily slammed the door
He generously paid for us. = It was generous of him to have paid for us.
He paid for us generously. = He paid for us in a generous manner.
Adverbs of Place
•Adverbs indicating location (where), direction (where to/ from)
She still lives there now.
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Adverbs of Time
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•Adverbs of definite time: at the end or beginning of a sentence
I went shopping yesterday./ Yesterday I went shopping.
•Adverbs of indefinite time: at the end or beginning of a sentence, or before the verb
She currently works as a journalist./ Currently she works as a journalist./ She works as a journalist currently.
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Adverbs of Frequency
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•Adverbs of indefinite frequency: before the main (ordinary) verb, after the verb “be”, between the auxiliary and the main verb
We usually go shopping on Sundays.
Sometimes he became very sad.
Adverbs of Degree
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•Before the adjective or adverb they modify
He drove very fast
He looks much different from his father
Sentence Adverbs
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•Usually at the beginning of the sentence Unfortunately, Richard didn’t get to the airport on time.
Focus Adverbs
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•They limit the sense of the sentence or to act as an additive
He said he wanted to do only what was the best for the country.
He even paid for their so-called business trip.
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