THREE DIMENSIONS OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM

(1) ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSION

farmed environment

man-made forests

fish farms

wildlife

flora

birds

insects

built environment

transport and infrastructure

villages and townscapes

natural resources

water

air

weather

natural environment

beaches

caves

rivers and lakes

mountainous area

(2) ECONOMIC DIMENSION

multiplier effect

to maximize tourist spending

to minimize the leakages of tourism income from the local economy

economic benefitts and costs f tourism

benefits

stimulated industrial investment

keep local business visible

job creation

costs

overpendence on tourism

congestion

jobs low paid

multiplier effect in tourism

tourist spends for

lodging

entertainment

clothing

recreation

second round of expenditures

wages and salaries

commissions

utilities

rental of facilities and quipment

ultimate beneficiaries

accounting

engineering

bakers

major potential impacts of tourism on the natural environment

floral and fauna species composition

killing of animals through hunting or to supply goods for the souvenir trade

migration of animals

change in nature due to clearance or planning to accomodate tourist facilities

erosion

damage to geological natures

landslides

natural resources

over exploitation of biological resources (overfishing)

depletion of mineral resources

pollution

water pollution through oil spillages

air pollution from vehicles

noise pollution from tourist transportation

visual impact

litter

facilities

sewage

(3) SOCIAL DIMENSION

To develop more sustainable forms of tourism:

equity (stakeholders)

equal opportunity (employee)

ethics (tourism industry, suppliers)

equal partner (tourist treatment)

the tourist

afford a holiday

benefits gained from tourism

attitudes towards staff

foreign tour operators

exploiting low cost economic to reduce thei cost

lack a long term commitment to local communities

destination government

promotional activities

restrictions on tourist

regulations of tourism industry

the scope

local tourism industry

value for money

influence with government decisions maker

representation of cultures for tourist

host community

attitudes and relations with the tourist

involvement on public sector decision making

impact of tourism on the society and cultures

potential impacts of tourism (host cultures and communities)

language

heritage

religion

traditional arts

host-guest relationship

short terms, relationship are superficial

tourist are under pressure due to short time

tourist are often segregated from local people

host tourist relation tend to lack spontaneity

host-guest relations are often unbalanced in nature