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Psychological Influences on Perception - Coggle Diagram
Psychological Influences on Perception
Perceptual Set
Predisposition to perceive stimuli a specific way
Past Experiences
Previous experiences affect visual perception
Context
Environment in which stimulus observed affects our expectations
Motivation
We often see what we want to see
Emotion
We can interpret someone's facial expression depending on how we are feeling
Perceptual Constancies
Tendency to maintain stable perception of stimulus, though properties may change
Size Constancy
Consistent perception of an object's size, despite changing distance and size of image
Shape Constancy
Object perceived to maintain known shape despite changing perspective from which it's observed
Gestalt Principles
Used to organise and interpret stimuli
Figure-Ground Organisation
Images organised into central object (figure) and background (ground)
Camouflage
Using figure-ground to break up contour of figure to blend with ground making it difficult to see
Closure
When an object's perceived as being closed despite being incomplete
Similarity
Elements similar in appearance tend to be seen as a unit
Proximity
When individual parts of a stimulus pattern are close to each we group as 'whole'
Depth Cues
Binocular Depth Cues
Depth cues using both eyes to gauge distance & space
Retinal Disparity
Depth cue that arises due to eyes being offset, giving brain two slightly different images
Convergence
As object comes closer to us, eyes turn inwards to keep object centred in retina
Brain reads eye turning to judge distance
Monocular Depth Cues
Depth cues using one eye
Accomodation
Involves eye's lens changing shape to focus light into retina
Ciliary muscles control lens bulging/flattening, tension in these muscles inform brain of object distance
Pictoral Depth cues
Used by artists to create 3D perception on 2D surfaces
Linear Perspective
Parallel lines that appear to converge as they retreat into distance
Interposition
Objects further from observer are partially obscured by foreground objects
Texture Gradient
Foreground has more details than background
Relative Size
Tendency to perceive object producing largest retinal image as being nearest, vice versa
Height in Visual Field
Closer object is to horizon the further away it is