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COPD - Coggle Diagram
COPD
COMPLICATIONS
Asthma
Age over 40
Pre-existing infection
High blood pressure
Pneumothoax
Pulmonary Embolism
Heart problems
Diabetes
Bronchioconstriction
MEDICATIONS
Corticosteroids
Vaccines
Antibiotics/Antivirals
Bronchodialators
Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors
CAUSES
Smoking
Second hand smoke
Environmental factors such as pollution and chemicals
Asthma
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Starts with damage to the airways
Two main types: emphysema and chronic bronchitis
Emphysema: alveoli fibers become damaged and thus become less elastic
Chronic bronchitis: inflammation of the airways
LABS/XRAYS
Chest X-ray
CT scan
Spirometry
Arterial blood gas analysis
TREATMENTS
Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Medication
Vaccins
Surgery
ASSESSMENTS NEEDED
Inspection: Check for barrel chest (also check AP and transverse diameter) and clubbed fingernails and pursed lips
Auscultation: listen for rhonchi sounds
Percussion: feel for impaired vocal resonance