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Emergence of Agriculture - Coggle Diagram
Emergence of Agriculture
Vocabulary
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»To bear :
To produce flowers or fruit
»Crop:
A plant that is grown in large quantities, especially as food
»Gatherer
A person who collects something
»Handle:
The part of an object, such as a cup, a bag or a tool, that you use to hold it or carry it
»Hook:
»Lance:
A weapon with a long wooden handle and a pointed metal end
»Mud:
Wet earth that is soft and sticky
»Tip:
The thin, pointed end of something
»Wedge:
Something shaped with one thick end and one thin, pointed end.
Agricultural main centers
The crescent-shaped strip of land located in the eastern Mediterranean (called the Fertile Crescent, which includes the current countries of Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Syria and Turkey), 10,000 years ago.
Northwest China, 7,000 years ago
Mesoamerica (a term applied to central and southern Mexico and adjacent areas of Central America), 5,000 years ago
Andean America (today's Ecuador and Peru), 4,000 years ago
Agricultural revolution
Due to a decrease in the glaciation, the planet's climate improved, which in turn allowed certain grasses (herbs) that grow naturally will spread across the steppes. It also influenced some groups to observe that plants have a cycle: they are born, grow and bear fruit. Probably, it was the women who noticed that the grains they were germinating and began to sow them.
Changes brought by agricultural revolution
First change
The main and immediate change that agriculture brought the sedentary. Groups had to look after their plantations, harvest them and store the products that they did not immediately consume (surpluses); therefore, they could no longer travel to different places.
Second Change
The second big change was in housing: branch sheds and caves were not enough, as in nomadic life. They had to build the first houses, with whatever was available in the area: stone, mixed wood,etc. The gathering of several houses, often behind a fence to protect themselves from predators and enemies, led to the formation of hamlets and villages.
Third change
The populations mastered the cultivation techniques: fertilizer, irrigation, seed selection and conservation of the surpluses, as well as the breeds of domesticated animals and the quality of the tools used. This increased the harvested product, which was the third big change
Fourth change
The availability of more consumable calories brought the increase in population, the fourth big change. Biologists have estimated that the total world human population, 10,000 years ago, was between 5 and 10 million. After 8,000 years, this figure had become 300 million.
Invention of writing
Invention of writing
The development of cities and agriculture led to the growth of trade. In one of these cities, and for hundreds of years, Sumerian merchants kept records of what they sold and bought on clay tokens in the form of animals, jars, and other items they traded. To keep track of the sellings they covered the chips with mud that they scratched with the tip of a cane. Towards the year
3300 B.C., they realized that they did not need figures, and began to scratch with simplified signs at any surface representing the articles: that was the beginning of writing
As the canes left marks in the form of a triangle or wedge, this type of writing is known as "cuneiform". When they wanted to keep track of the sellings, they made them in clay and baked them.
1. New challenges for humanity
Humans organized themselves to face the new conditions they found in the places they arrived: other climates, new predators, even more primitive humans. In front of these groups, their superiority lay above all in language, which enabled them to act as a whole, to be more sagacious, to be better communicated.