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Week 7
Security 2 - Coggle Diagram
Week 7
Security 2
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Internal Conflicts
Migration
- rural-urban migration
- Chinese migration
- North Korean refugees
- Indonesian migrants in Malaysia
- Changing demographics (NEW vs SEA)
- migration driven by demographics e.g. ageing populations, gender imbalances e.g. woman to marry men
Cyber Security
- dependent on technology now
- ensuring the safety and privacy of data
- major issue driving the trade war between USA and China
- impacts private corporations e.g. Sony company of Japan was targeted by north Korean actors who stole commercial secrets
- hacking of Tokyo olympics website
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Environmental Security
- environmental degradation
- global warming
- bio-diversity
- over-population
- sustainable development
Political Economy
- economic security: protecting the national economy from internal crisis
- energy security: making sure there are enough supplies domestically and internationally to keep fuelling economic development and the lives of citizens
- resource nationalism: nationalistic approach to management and exploitation of domestic resources from international markets
- poverty alleviation, equitable and sustainable economic development: ensuring there will be enough supplies and resources for future generations
Terrorism
- became an even bigger issue after 9/11 and the global war on terror
- affected the relationship with western countries
- highly oppressive regimes and governments + divisions along ethnic, religious and class divisions = creates conflict and the possibility of terrorism
- east asia is particularly fertile for terrorist outbreaks
- regions in states populated by muslim majorities have been fertile for terrorism
Human rights violations
- particularly problematic in East Asia due to a number of authoritarian states who breach human rights and oppress minority groups e.g. China, North Korea
- even in the formal democratic countries like Japan or South Korea, human rights are violated
- ethnicity
- religion
- language
- class
- migration
- diasporas
Transnational crimes
- the dark side of globalisation
- human trafficking
- drugs trafficking
- organised crime: Japanese Yakuza; Chinese Triads; Vietnamese gangs
- Piracy and maritime security
- lack of response: sovereignty = key
Transnational Crimes
Transnational crimes as security issues
- 'Transnational organised crime (TOC) poses a significant and growing threat to national and international security with dire implications for public safety, public health, democratic institutions and economic stability across the globe' (2011, national security council: strategy to comb transnational organised crime)
- smuggling of migrants and labour trafficking within the Greater Mekong Sub-Region
- trafficking of women and girls for sexual exploitation within the greater Mekong sub-region
- migrant smuggling from east and southeast Asia to the US and EU
- Migrant smuggling from South and West Asia through Southeast Asia to Australia and Canada
- drug trafficking from Myanmar and Afghanistan into East Asia and the Pacific
- drugs trafficking from Myanmar and China to the region
- wildfire - trafficking in East Asia and the Pacific
- trafficking of wood-based products from East Asia to the world
- contraband trade in electrical and electronic waste to East Asia
- trafficking of ozone-depleting substances from East Asia to the world
- counterfeit consumer goods from East Asia to the US and the EU
- Fake medicines from East Asia to Southeast Asia and Africa