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Knowledge Management tools, Reference, Grimaldi, M., & Rippa, P.…

- - - - Store files in a central library.
      - Control access to files both for security purposes and collaboration needs.
      - Keeping an audit of activity and changes in the managed documents.
      - Search documents on either content or index terms.
- - - - Primarily concerned with providing a framework to select the KM tools that support innovation processes within organizations.
    - - Decision support technique called Analytic hierarchy process (AHP).
      - The framework is based on pair-wise comparisons between several factors that affect the selection of the most appropriate KM tool to sustain an innovation process.
    - - Knowledge construction and innovation
        
        Knowledge construction has been widely recognized to be strategically important for organizational learning and innovation.
      - Knowledge embodiment and innovation
        
        Knowledge embodiment involves applying the knowledge acquired to a range of other domains and contexts thus expanding the meaning of the knowledge.
      - Knowledge dissemination and innovation
        
        Concerns the diffusion and the sharing of knowledge among organizational members; it involves the practical problem of transferring knowledge within the organization.
      - Knowledge use/benefit and innovation
        
        The utilization and the exploitation of previously constructed, embodied and disseminated knowledge and concerns the retention of knowledge, acquired in the previous processes, for
        further utilization.
    - - A tool that can be used to promote organisational innovation
    - - As a multiobjective decision-making methodology.
      - Enables decision makers to structure a complex problem in the form of a simple hierarchy and to evaluate a large number of quantitative and qualitative factors in a systematic way under conflicting multiple criteria.
    - - Integrating different measures into a single overall score for ranking decision alternatives.
    - - Qualitative approach
      - Quantitative approach
        
        Employs pair-wise comparison to determine the priority weights and the overall ranking of the alternatives.
    - - To determine the degree of importance, to establish the priority of each element of the hierarchical structure, and, as a consequence, to apply a normative multi-criteria analysis method in order to select the most appropriate KM tool.
    - - Designed in order to give managers the possibility of tracing the direct linkage of the assessment results to the examined elements at each level of the hierarchy, and to support decision makers in deriving the measures of the quantitative influence
        of every factor on the process of KM tool selection.
      - Levels
        
        First level
        
        Condenses the company goals and assumes.
        
        Second and third levels
        
        The criteria and sub-criteria used in selecting the KM tool.
        
        Fourth level
        
        Contains the decision alternatives.
    - - Knowledge improvement
        
        Refer to the value creation capability of an organization through the resources owned by individuals with the aim of generating new knowledge, such as know-how capabilities, skills and expertise.
      - Performance improvement
        
        System quality is influenced by attributes such as easy of use, characteristics of human-computer interface, and flexibility and effectiveness of search mechanisms.
      - Network improvement
        
        KM initiatives can support networks of knowledge
        workers through all the internal and external relationships with stakeholders.
      - Sub-criteria
        
        Specify the contents and meaning of the criteria.
        
        Levels
        
        Cost
        
        Cost is a common factor influencing the purchaser
        in choosing the software.
        
        The basic cost of the KM tool and the cost of the KM tool in term of number of users and training provided to customers.
        
        Time
        
        Time is referred to the period of implementation needed to adopt the KM tool.
        
        Functionality
        
        Refers to those features that the KM tool performs and, generally, to how well the software can meet the user’s needs and requirements.
        
        Reliability
        
        The ability of a system or component to perform its required functions under stated conditions for a specified period of time.
      - lowest level
        
        Provides the decision points that are evaluated against this hierarchy.
        
        Alternatives
        
        Pair-wise comparison
        
        In the pair-wise comparison matrix, rows and columns of the pair-wise comparison matrix are allocated to the components belonging to the same parent component in the decision hierarchy.
      - EXAMPLE
        
        Saaty’s 1–9 scale for pairwise comparison
        
        Criteria pair-wise comparison matrix
        
        Ranking scores of KM tool alternatives
      - The hierarchical structure
- - - - Determine the extent to which academic libraries in South Africa utilise the intranet as a knowledge management tool.
    - - Retrieve annual reports on certain aspects
      - Get passwords of different databases
      - Download manuals
      - Access agendas and minutes of the meetings
      - Obtain daily information such as procedures
        on how to perform certain tasks
    - - To download application forms for conference attendance.
      - To clarify some policies, e.g. acquisitions policy
      - To download cataloguing and classification manuals
      - To get the latest news about staff
      - To gain access to databases via the intranet
      - To get basic information such as a roster for weekends, conferences announcements.
      - To obtain information about other library sections.
    - - Contents
        
        The content of the intranet depends on the needs of the employees and will therefore differ from organisation to organisation.
      - advantages
        
        Effectiveness and efficiency
        
        Save trees
        
        Accuracy
        
        Timeouness
        
        Ease of use for accessing and publishing
        information:
        
        Faster speed:
        
        Improved services
        
        Flexibility
        
        Keeping up with the workforce:
        
        Simplicity in creation and maintenance:
        
        Centralisation
        
        User-friendly interface
        
        Ease and low cost for update:
        
        Interactivity
        
        Consistency
      - definition
        
        An intranet can be defined as a network that uses Internet concepts and technologies within an organisation in order to be accessed by employees to share knowledge.