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What i learned in week 12? - Coggle Diagram
What i learned in week 12?
Pressure Measurement (continue)
Force-balance pressure transmitters
Principle
Sensed differential pressure with an adjustable air pressure which becomes a pneumatic output signal.
Differential pressure transmitters
Principle
Senses the difference in pressure between two ports and outputs a signal.
high DP = high signal
Applications
Measuring vacuum
Measuring absolute pressure
Inferring gas and liquid flow
Measuring positive gauge pressure
Measuring process vessel clogging
Inferring liquid level
Electrical pressure elements
Differential capacitance sensors
Component
Silicone fill fluid
Sensing diaphragm (moving plate)
Isolating diaphragm
Principle
Any difference of pressure causes the diaphragm to flex in the direction of least pressure.
Resonant element sensors
Type
Digital sensor
Principle
The tension on each string desired resonant frequency.
The string’s resonant frequency will indicate fluid pressure.
Example
“DPharp” pressure transmitters.
Piezoresistive (strain gauge) sensors
Strain gauge + Diaphragm
Level Measurement
Hydrostatic Pressure
Connected
The differential pressure transmitter
Bubbler systems
Problems
Transmitter suppression and elevation!!!
Displacement
Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle
Principle
Detect liquid level by continuouslymeasuring the weight of an object (called the displacer ) immersed in the process liquid.
Float
type
Mechanical device
Distance
ullage
Being the distance from the top of the vessel to the surface of the process material.
Fillage
Measurement from the known height of the vessel.
Echo
Types
Ultrasonic level measurement
Radar level measurement
Applications & limitations
Applications with heavy dust or high temperatures are not well-suited for ultrasonic instruments.
A layer of foam on top of a liquid can also disrupt an ultrasonic signal.
Level gauges (sight glasses)
Principle
One column being the liquid in the gauge sight glass, the other column being the liquid in the vessel.
The level gauge, or sight glass is to liquid level measurement as manometers.
Disadvantages
Interface problems
Temperature problems
Weight Measurement
Types
Load cells
strain gauges