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Mind Map for #BookLounge Aparna Pande's Making India Great., Global…

- - - - 2013-14 there was an expectation for India undertaking its economic reforms and build its military and achieve some of its potential
        
        Some worries that India isn't focusing on what is important
        
        India is not focusing on what would make it a regional player or Asian Power
        
        Projecting power in its own region, bring in more investment, investment in military and military modernisation
        
        move away from things that define democracy/pluralism and a stable society
        
        Expectations and hopes still outweight the concerns
        
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- - - - All ancient societies's past play a role, in which area is the question
        
        China is also another 5,000 year old civiisation
        
        Greece,Rome(Italy),Japan are also very old even if not as old as India and China
        
        Do you just look at the past and say that this civilisation achieved this?
        
        How much of a role do you decide to let the past play in deciding your present and future
        
        Reason to emphasize the past is because each and every thing we do we have learned from the past
        
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- - - - What policy changes in the education system will help create an ecosystem for improving software development skills
        
        Compared to many countries India actually focused on Tertiary level education (Universities,Engineering Institutes,Medical Colleges) instead of primary atleast in the initial decades.
        
        Universities need R&D, should not be a diploma mill - make sure you train the students - has to be a quantity v quality tradeoff.
        
        Need to see if we have enough jobs to provide the quantity of Engineers and Doctors you are producing? whether in India or Abroad.
        
        If not then they will be forced to apply for jobs for which are way below their qualification.
        
        People are applying for Govt. jobs of all levels even if they have PhDs and MBAs.
        
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- - - - We dont have fewer diplomats because we have fewer resources - problem is a lack of strategic planning
        
        Over the decades Govt didn't believe there was a value in recruiting more people in foreign service every year.
        
        if you recruit by the 2-3 people every year no way you will even have even numbers comparable to Singapore or Israel has forget about Brazil and China.
        
        its not resources ,its the strategic intent.
        
        Author agrees that India needs to focus on more limited goals
        
        Have to decide what do you want to achieve at the end of the day.
        
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- - - - manufacturing muscle development can happen only with practice.
        
        Dr. Jaishankar recently said “until now we focused only on L1(lower cost) but henceforth we shall focus on v1 (strategic importance)"
        
        Self sufficiency may be an ambition but has not yet helped
        
        Can only become self sufficient after building an industry, can become self sufficient in defence only after building a defence industry.
        
        Till the time you haven't you need to interact and trade more with the world.
        
        One of the problems with Self sufficiency is its one of the post colonial legacies
        
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- - - - What do potential investors look for? : political stability , social stability - India by and large provides these.
        
        Regulatory policies, still have concerns
        
        India has gone up on the ease of doing business aspect but the regulatory aspect remains especially taxation.
        
        Vodafone won but how long has that been going on?
        
        Any country that does retroactive taxation has trouble with business
        
        All companies want tax policies that will not suddenly change
        
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- - - - Drop No first use nuclear posture - 4
        
        Increase defence expenditure by 1% GDP over ten years - 2
        
        Reduce import dependence - 4
        
        Ensure friendly relations with sub-continent - 1
        
        Organise armed forces into integrated theater commands - 2
        
        Execute Economic Reforms 2.0 - 1
- - - - Neighbors , with a few its easy others not so much, should be High effort High Impact.
        
        Defence exp. Increase - low effort high impact (1.6 to 2.6 not good enough make it 3-4%)
        
        Agree with Nitin Pai that India's Foreign Policy and Economic Policy all depends on India's Economic Growth at 8-10% without that we can't do anything.
        
        organise armed forces into theater commands - High Impact - continental focus and not integrated focus - We’re ignoring the navy and air force , impact needs more strategic thinking
        
        Health & education should be low effort high imapct - without Human Capital you can't do anything.
        
        Reduce import dependence , can you be part of the world and reduce import dependence too? Don't believe we can move forward if we only focus on reducing imports and not focus on building our own economy and increasing our exports instead.
        
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- - - - For Indians India's greatness is a given the only question is when and how it will manifest on the world stage?
- - - - After independence in the initial years there was a concern in the then contemporary context, with a military dictator in Pakistan and Latin American/African countries.
        
        India is one of the few post colonial countries that have not gone through Coups and Military dictatorships. It has remained a democracy which is rare.
        
        How did India’s founders look at India’s role -- If india doesn’t threaten anyone, it wont get threatened - defensive strategy keep it safe only to keep sovereignty - not the broader way we look at defense today
        
        If you keep someone out of decision making then they become silos as they call it. Silo for both military and civilians - silos have been created.
        
        Navy started bringing out reports since 2008 and talk about what it should do but it is not integrated into the system.
        
        India has never engaged in strategic planning for the broader military or defense sphere.
        
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- - - - At the end of the day Human Capital is built by investing in Primary Education.
        
        Same recommendations author made for Tertiary Education in response to Rupa's question can be applied to Primary Education.
        
        ASER survey shows most students who leave primary school can't read and write.
        
        haven't given funding to primary education
        
        some exceptions in terms of good private schools but not a norm
        
        lack of resources for infrastructure and especially training teachers who are critical for children that age as well.
        
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- - - - There are examples of Univ.s being setup by Corporations e.g. Azim Premji Univ. in Bangalore.
        
        Education,Infrastructure and Healthcare are important where the funding comes from we can have a separate longer conversation on.
- - - - Backyard-Frontyard whatever you'd like to call it
        
        India believe Delhi knows best and India needs to keep this region on India's side.
        
        the problem is you must expend resources to keep your neighbours happy
        
        India is a hegemon even if a benevolent hegemon - in Subcontinent/IOR region and then that extends to the greater neighborhood which India believes extends from the Gulf of Aden to the Straits of Malacca
        
        That should be India's area of projecting power however we haven't really projected power, we prefer the economic aspect.
        
        Second strand is the Strong moralistic and Messianic liberalism We may be Hobessian in our view - we believe we deserve to be on the global stage vs Realist view of self sufficient and not being part of any military alliances etc.
        
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- - - - but on plain promises they may not - the problem with hypothetical is that nobody is willing to test them.
        
        go back to 1991 the biggest reforms ever - congress was reluctant to admit they had carried out reforms
        
        How do we portray reforms? We are pro poor reforms - I want to understand which Govt. in the world is not pro poor? - For it, you must reform to bring them out of poverty
        
        it should not mean we don't help the poor out of fear that if reforms are carried out the electorate will not bring the Govt back to power
        
        Indian state does not appreciate the market or the economy or wealth generation
        
        Until we don't give this a chance we will not have the stable 6%+ growth rate we need to actually achieve anything.
- - - - Which is surprising for what we managed to achieve - we have a literacy rate of 75%
        
        We also managed to grow at 6-8% for a period of time.
        
        we have a large military, we have managed to defend our borders
        
        we have soft power which is global - majority of countries in the world would like India to play a major role
        
        many other countries many other democracises have problems we don't.
        
        final though: why haven't we become the Regional power? the world power? we must not forget we were growing faster than China in the 1950s we were more urbanised than China in the 1950s.
        
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