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Topic 5.1: Introduction to soil systems, Soil Horizons, Soil storages, …
Topic 5.1: Introduction to soil systems
O: Organic matter-Litter layer of plant residues in relatively undecomposed form
A: Surface soil- layer of mineral soil with most oranic matter accumulation ( tích lũy) and soil life. This layer is depleted of ( cạn kiệt) iron, clay and calcium, organic compounds and other soluble constituents
B: Subsoil- This layer accumulates iron, clay, aluminium and organic compounds
C: Parent rock-Layer of large unbroken rocks. May accumulate the more soluble compounds
R: Bed rock: This layer denotes the layer of particles weathered bedrock at the base of the soil profile, comprises continuous masses of hard rock cannot be excavated by hand
Organic matter, inorganic matter- solid state
soil water from liquid state
soil atmosphere forms the gaseous state
Compare and contrast the structure and properties of sand, clay and loam soils
Levels of primary productivity of soil types
sandy soil :
low
clay soil:
quite low
loam soil:
high
Primary productivity
mineral content
drainage
water-holding capacity
air spaces
biota
potential to hold organic materials
Soil types
Clay
Primary production:
medium/low
water retention and availability:
sticky and easily waterlogged
Air space
:low
nutrient storage capacity:
high
loam
water retention and availability; high to medium
nutrient storage capacity:
medium
air space:
medium
primary production:
medium
Why is loam soil the best planting soil?
: loamy soil is ideal for most garden plants because it holds plenty of moisture but drains well so that sufficient air can reach the roots.
Sand
nutrient storage capacity:
low
air space:
high
water retention and availability:
Fast draining soils that dry easily
primary production:
low
What is soil made from
Mineral particles mainly from underlying rock
Organic remains that have come from plants and animals
Water within spaces between soil grains
Air also within the soil grains
Primary productivity
drainage
water holding capacity
Mineral content
air spaces
biota
potential to hold organic matter
Potential Questions In Exam
Why is the loam soil the best soil for plant growth?
Out line the transfers, transformations, inputs, outputs, flows and storages within soil system
Inputs
Minerals: the minerals of soil come from the weathering of the parent material
Organic matter: organic matter comes from the living organisms that are on and in the soil
Air: certain plants also add some inputs to the soil
Water: the way in which water enters the soils dependent onw whether the soil is on a slope and where it is on that slope
Outputs
Leaching- downward loss of nutrients through soil layers
Uptake by plants
Radiation- albedo effect
Erosion
Transfer-
Deposition
Transformation
Decomposition
Weathering
Nutrient cycling
Storages
organic matter
nutrients
organisms
minerals
air
water
Soil Horizons
Soil storages
Structure and properties
