Neuron Cell Body
Dendrite: Receive input from other neurons, then transmit the input in the form of electrical impulses to cell body
Axon Hillock: part of cell body (soma) of neuron that connects it to the axon.
CNS Glial Cell: maintains homeostasis, form myelin, protect and support neurons
PNS Glial Cell: consist of nerves outside of brain and spinal cord.
Axolemma: Plasma membrane that wraps around the axon
Axon: Carries signals towards and away from the cell body
Myelin Sheath: Allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along the nerve cells
Axoplasm: the cytosol of an axon
Telodendria:communicate with a target cell
Axon Terminals: part of a nerve cell that make synaptic connections with another nerve cell or with an effector cell
Alana Rosaldo, Izzy Kilgallon,
Dshauna Jones, Amber Baldwin
Action Potential Mechanism: a quick and temporary change of membrane potential in a region of the membrane
Hyperpolarization: membrane potential becomes more negative at a specific spot on neuron membrane.
Depolarization: membrane potential becomes less negative (more positive)
Threshold Potential: a certain voltage that needs to be met in order to fire an action potential
Inactivation Gate: an attachment on a Na+ channel that blocks the activated gate when open.
Repolariztion: change in membrane potential that returns it to a negative value after depolarization
Sodium ion Voltage Gated Channel: opens and allows Na+ to enter the cel when voltage changes. Helps to depolarize the cell.
Potassium ion Voltage gated Channel: opens and allows K+ to leave the cell and helps to repolarize the cell.
Nodes of Ranvier: Unmyelinated segment of an axon between two internodes
Myelin: cells that surround the axon of a neuron
Saltatory conduction: propagation of an action potential along a myelinated axon
Electrotonic spread: the influx of Na+ caused by depolarization of a part of the membrane. This allows for voltage of other parts of the membrane to change and help propagate action potential.
IPSP: synaptic potential that makes a postsynaptic neuron less likely to generate an action potential.
EPSP: A change in the membrane potential of a neuron
vesicular synapse: store various neurotransmitters that are released at the synapse
Summation: adding input from postsynaptic neurons to affect the membrane potential at the trigger zone.
neurotransmitter: released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other structure
Electrical synapses: cells that are electrically coupled via gap junctions
metabotropic post synapses response: movement of ions through a channel depends on one or more metabolic steps. These receptors do not have ion channels as part of their structure; instead, they affect channels by the activation of intermediate molecules called G-proteins. Neurotransmitters bind to metabotropic receptors which activates g-proteins.
Direct post synaptic response: local potentials in a postsynaptic neuron that can move membrane potential at trigger zone (axon hillock) closer or farther away from threshold