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Intro to Psych, Exam II, : - Coggle Diagram

- - - - brain activity
        
        low road for less complex feelings - directly to amygdala via thalamus - instant emotional reaction
        
        high road for more complex feelings - to the cortex (via thalamus) and then to amygdala
      - ANS
        
        the arausal component of the emotion comes from Autonomic nervous system (arousing) and parasympathetic (calming) divisions
  - - - specific action tendencies+physiologcial changes=our emotions being evolutionary adapive ----------------
      - although negative emotions are the ones triggering in these stressful situations, so there is little evidence for positive emotions being adaptive (maybe because tehy are harder to study)
    - - pos emotions: 1) broaden thought-action repertoires 2) undo the negative effects of negative emotions 3) fuel psychological resiliancy --- building personal resources 4) trigger upward sprials towards improved well being
- - - - different acetgories such as verbal coprehension, spatial ability precpetual speed, memory - scores on these test are positevly correlated (Turstone
    - - fluid intelligence (ability to take in a lot of info and bring it in to solve a problem, reflects more general kind of intelligence
      - crystallized intelligence (facts, knowledge, reflects a culture a person is raised in)
    - - anaylitical (school smarts) creative, practical (street smarts )
        intelligence
      - research confirms existance of the general intellgence (Johnson et al 2008)
    - - ability vs trait
  - - - aptitude test (capacity to learn. prediction of future performance)
      - achievment test (what a person ahs learned)
      - intelligence test (assesing mental aptitude)
    - - the normal curve
      - age & intelligence
        
        cross-sectional method - IQ declines with age
        
        longitude methid suggests more stability
      - Flynn effect - intelligence scores rise steadily over time
      - Troubling uses if intelligence scores
        
        individual performance ---- genetic; group performance ---- environemntal
- - - - 1) mobilize resources (f or f response from sympathetic nervous system; heart rate increases)
        2) cope with stressor (temperature blood pressure up, adrenal glands pump hormoes - cortisol and adrenaline)
        3) reserves depleted
      - nervous and endocrine system
        
        sympathomedullary pathway
        
        1) hypothalamus activates adrenal medulla
        
        adrenall medual (controlled by ANS) releases adrenalie and noradrenaline in the bloodstream
        
        body prepares for fight or flight - A & NOR hormones increase the symathetic activation (increased heart rate and blood pressure etc)
        
        energy
        
        pituitary-adrenal sytem ( hipofiza-nadbubrežna žlijezda)
        
        higher brain centres activatre hypothalamus
        
        hypthalamus releases corticotrophin (cRF)
        
        pituitary gland releases ACTH
        
        Adrenal cortex releases corticosteroides
        
        corticosteroides cause changes --liver releases energy and immune system is suppressed
    - - fight or flight
      - freeze
      - tend and befriend
- - - - Molecular genetics
      - epigenetics - study - molecular mechanism by which genes are tiggered or blocked
  - - - horizontal vs vertical ind i coll
        
        horizontal - sve ravno
        
        vertical - copetitive pahuljica
- - - - interaction between conscious and uncoscious mind - psychoanalysis (Freud)
        
        id (unconscious), ego (realistic), superego (idealistic)
        
        generally pretty criticized, had a couple of valid points such as
        
        defense mechanisms: (reaction formation (trading unacceptable impulses for opposite) & projection
        
        we unconsciously defend ourselves from anxiety
      - peronality - arises from a conflict between impluse an restraint (impulse coming fro your unconsciousness, where all unacceplatble, secret thoughts and wishes are)
    - - theories
        
        Maslow's self actualizating person
        
        Carl Roger's person-centered perspecitve -----
      - influences: counseling, education, child raising, amangement /////////////// cticism: vague and subjective concepts, naive
    - - OCEAN mdel
- - - - instinct theory
        
        evolutionary perspective - genetically predisposed behaviours
        
        genetic basis for unlearned, species-typical behavior
      - drive-reduction theory
        
        responses to inner pushes
        
        physiological needs (hunger/thirst) create aroused state that drives us to reduce the need
      - arousal theory
        
        right levels of stimulation
        
        our need to maintain an optimal level of arousal motivates behaviors that meet no physiological need (yearning for stimualtion, hunger for infromation)
      - maslows hierarchy of needs
        
        priority of some needs over others