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Main idea of Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development -…
Main idea of Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development
Erikson maintained that personality develops in a predetermined order through eight stages of psychosocial development, from infancy to adulthood
Ego integrity vs despair
Basic virtue - despair
We contemplate our accomplishments and can develop integrity if we see ourselves as leading a successful life
65+
Ex: People look back on the events of their lives and determine if they are happy with the life that they lived or if they regret the things they did or didn't do.
Identity vs role confusion
Basic virtue - Fidelity
Adolescents search for a sense of self and personal identity, through an intense exploration of personal values, beliefs, and goals.
12 - 18
Ex: Children are becoming more independent, and begin to look at the future in terms of career, relationships, families, housing, etc.
Autonomy vs shame and doubt
Basic virtue- will
Children at this stage are focused on developing a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence.
1½ - 3
Ex: Walking away from their mother, picking which toy to play with, and making choices about what they like to wear, to eat, etc.
Trust vs mistrust
0-1 1/2
Basic virtue- hope
The infant is uncertain about the world in which they live, and looks towards their primary caregiver for stability and consistency of care.
Ex: If a caregiver fails to provide adequate care and love, the child will come to feel that they cannot trust or depend upon the adults in their life.
Intimacy vs isolation
Basic virtue- love
We begin to share ourselves more intimately with others and explore relationships leading toward longer-term commitments with someone other than a family member.
18 - 40
Ex: Romantic partners, but it can also encompass close, enduring friendships, having strong social support
Initiative vs guilt
Basic virtue- purpose
Children assert themselves more frequently through directing play and other social interaction.
3 - 5
Ex: Children begin to plan activities, make up games, and initiate activities with others, able to lead and make decisions
Accomplishment vs inferiority
5 - 12
Basic virtue- competency
Ex: Children will be learning to read and write, to do sums, to do things on their own
Those who receive little or no encouragement from parents, teachers, or peers will doubt their abilities to be successful.
Generativity vs stagnation
Basic virtue- care
Individuals experience a need to create or nurture things that will outlast them, often having mentees or creating positive changes that will benefit other people.
40 - 65
Ex: Being active in their home and community
Failure to successfully complete a stage can result in a reduced ability to complete further stages and therefore a more unhealthy personality and sense of self.