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Bolshevik revolution - Coggle Diagram
Bolshevik revolution
Consequences
As a consequence of the victory of the revolutionaries, Russia emerged from World War I, but then a civil war broke out within the country that pitted the forces against the revolution and the revolutionary Bolsheviks.
The latter were victorious and established a new state, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), which established a communist economic system and a one-party political regime.
The new country would become an economic, political and military power, although there was also an enormous repression and lack of freedoms and it went through periods of great poverty.
In addition, the Russian revolution caused a great political earthquake throughout the world, as it was the great reference to an alternative system to capitalism for parties and unions in many countries and inspired other revolutionary movements, for example in China and Cuba.
The 20th century cannot be understood without everything that the 1917 revolution caused.
The Russian Revolution of 1917 was one of the most explosive political events of the twentieth century. The violent revolution marked the end of the Romanov dynasty and centuries of Russian Imperial rule. During the Russian Revolution, the Bolsheviks, led by leftist revolutionary Vladimir Lenin, seized power and destroyed the tradition of csarist rule. The Bolsheviks would later become the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
The Russian Revolution took place in 1917 when the peasants and working class people of Russia revolted against the government of Tsar Nicholas II. They were led by Vladimir Lenin and a group of revolutionaries called the Bolsheviks.
*Causes of the Bolshevik revolution
- Accumulated discontent against its ruler. Tsar Nicholas II was a despotic man who lived in a world of wealth while his people starved.
- Appearance of the first political parties. Intellectuals and activists of the time began to distribute pamphlets with revolutionary ideas, as a reaction to the discontent of the population.
- A new form of protest: the strike. Stopping factory production directly affected the wealthier classes. Strikes began to be called throughout the country and, instead of introducing changes, the Tsar's response was brutal repression. At that time many people were imprisoned and others had to go into exile.
- The Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Party (POSDR). Despite being divided into two currents (Bolsheviks and Mensheviks), the POSDR met in London with a clear objective: to end the Tsar's regime.
- The Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905). The war ended with the victory of Japan and a Russia with a worn military service, in addition to a damaged image of the Tsar.
- Manifestations. The discontent accumulated at that time led to a series of peaceful demonstrations that asked the Tsar to improve living conditions. These events culminated in Bloody Sunday in 1905, when the guard smothered the masses using weapons and thousands of people died.
7 World War I. In June 1914 there was an attack against Archduke Francisco Fernando, the supposed heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire. This act led to an escalation of tension and declarations of war between countries. Russia entered the conflict but the result was disastrous.
8.The Influence of Gregori Rasputin. Rasputin, who presented himself as a holy man and healer, exerted a strong influence on the Zarina (the Tsar's wife). A part of the nobility did not like that he had so much power, so he was assassinated. This fact ended the unity among the Russian nobles.*
The Russian revolution was a political and social movement carried out by the Russian people against the imperial tsarist regime, which ruled the country at that time.
It began in March 1917 and ended in November of that same year, from a series of events that led to the defeat of the current government and began a new one, a government with communist and socialist policies that was under the command of Vladimir Lenin and his Bolshevik party, which would later make up the Soviet Union.
The revolution began at the end of the First World War, in a context in which the people were exhausted by the established monarchical policies and the marked class difference, which greatly disadvantaged the lower class.
events
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August 2nd. Nicholas II launches his army and his people to war against Germany and Austria-Hungary. The war was disastrous and quickly turned into a carnage, with 15 million men mobilized, of whom, by the end of 1916, almost half had been killed, seriously wounded or prisoners of war.
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Tsar Nicholas II and family, before his abdication on March 2, 1917.
Tsar Nicholas II and family, before his abdication on March 2, 1917.
April 3. Lenin's return to Russia. Lenin arrived from exile at the Finland station in Petrograd at midnight on April 3, 1917, and was greeted like a hero by workers and soldiers. The next day he publicly presented his April Theses, the program of a new revolution that would transfer power "to the proletariat and the poorest peasants."
October 25. Conquest of power by the Bolsheviks. On the afternoon of October 24, Trotsky gave the final orders for the coup. Kerensky and the Petrograd military authorities sought in vain the support of loyal troops. At ten o'clock in the morning of the 25th, Lenin wrote the announcement of the overthrow of the Government and that the power of the State had passed to the Petrograd Soviet.
Citizens of St. Petersburg, in the early days of the revolution.
Citizens of St. Petersburg, in the early days of the revolution.
December 7th. Creation of the Cheka. The new Bolshevik state police, the Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counterrevolution and Sabotage, known as the Czech, was a state within the state to destroy its enemies, silence its critics and eliminate all forms of political and cultural opposition .
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January 6th. Closure of the Constituent Assembly. The Constituent Assembly opened its sessions on the afternoon of January 5, 1918 in the Tauride Palace. The next day the Bolsheviks ordered its dissolution. Only force could drive them out. The civil war would determine the future of Russia.
Leon Trotsky, who gave the final orders for the coup, in a picture with his bodyguards.
Leon Trotsky, who gave the final orders for the coup, in a picture with his bodyguards.
March 3rd. Signature of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. If the Bolsheviks wanted to retain power and save their revolution, they had to negotiate a peace with the central powers. That peace at the front served the Bolsheviks to concentrate on another war that was beginning then, the one launched by the White Army.
1918-1921. Civil war between the Bolsheviks and the counterrevolutionaries. After heavy fighting and a good dose of terror in the rear by both sides, the war ended with the defeat of the White Army. The triumph allowed the Bolsheviks to retain power and at the same time crush many of the popular aspirations and freedoms.
Night from July 16 to 17. The entire royal family is murdered by members of the Yekaterinburg Cheka in the basement of a house confiscated from Nikolai Ipatiev, a businessman. The bodies were buried near the house, although the exact location of the graves was not discovered until after the fall of the Soviet regime.
Joseph Stalin and Vladimir Lenin, in 1919.
Joseph Stalin and Vladimir Lenin, in 1919.
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January 21st. Death of Lenin. The widespread idea that Stalin, by later establishing his regime of terror, betrayed Lenin and the revolution contrasts with that of historians who maintain that the basic elements of the Stalinist regime were already present in January 1924. On terror and terrorism violence that prevailed in Russia during the revolution and civil war arose the subsequent Stalinist regime. The revolution, civil war, terror, famine and disease caused 10 million deaths between 1917 and 1922.
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March 2nd. The Tsar abdicated after the social mobilizations, which began in February in Petrograd (Saint Petersburg, Russian capital), were unstoppable. It was the culmination of the discontent and crisis of authority that had increasingly spread during the Great War. Suddenly, the entire Russian state building collapsed.