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CHAPTER 2: THREE DIMENSION OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 2: THREE DIMENSION OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSION
The Built Environment
Transport and infrastructure
Dams and Reservoirs
Villages and Townscapes
The Farmed Environment
Man-Made Forests
Fish Farms
Agricultural Landscape
Wildlife
Birds
Insects
Flora
Natural Resources
Climate
Air
Water
The Natural Environment
Rivers and Lakes
Caves
Seas
Major potential impacts of tourism on the natural environment
Natural Resources
Depletion of mineral resources for building materials
Overfishing
Pollution
Air pollution from vehicles
Noise pollution from tourist transportation & activities
Water pollution through discharges of sewage
Erosion
Landslides
Damage to geological features
Visual Impact
Facilities- Buildings
Litter
Sewage
Floral and Faunal Species Composition
Migration of animals
Change in nature due to clearance/planning to accommodate tourist facilities
Killing of animals through hunting
SOCIAL DIMENSION
Destination Government
Promotional activities
Regulation of the tourism industry
Restriction on tourists
Local Tourism Industry
Value for money
Representation of cultures for tourists
Influence with government decision makes
Foreign Tour Operators
Images and expectations created by promotional activities
Lack of long term commitment to local communities
Exploiting low costs economies to reduce their costs
Host Community
Involvement on public sector decision making
Impact of tourism on the society and culture
Attitudes and relations with the tourists
The Tourist
The need to feel safe and secure
Attitudes towards staff
Benefits gained from tourism
The potential impacts of tourism on host cultures and communities
Heritage
Largely Beneficial
Improvement in the quality of museums
Largely Negative
Construction of buildings using non- traditional architectural styles
Language
Largely Beneficial
Greater interest in conserving traditional languages if they are seen as an attraction for tourists
Largely Negative
Introduction of foreign words into vocabulary
Religion
Largely Beneficial
Growth in respect for the host community's religion from tourists
Largely Negative
Loss of spirituality at religious sites that become dominated by tourists
Traditional Lifestyles
Largely Beneficial
Increased awareness of lifestyles elsewhere in the world
Largely Negative
New eating habits, e.g fast food
Values and Behaviour
Largely Beneficial
Adopt positive aspects of tourist values and behaviour such as in the case of the treatment of animals
Largely Negative
Growth in crime
Host Population
Largely Beneficial
Reduce depopulation
Largely Negative
Domination of the community by immigrants from outside the community
Host- Guest Relationship
Tourist are often segregated from local people
Host-tourist relation tend to lack spontaneity
Tourists are under pressure due to short time period
Host-guest relations are often unbalanced in nature
Short term. Relationships are superficial
ECONOMIC DIMENSION
Benefits
Keep local business viable
Stimulates industrial investment
Job creation
Regeneration of the economics of town and cities
Costs
Opportunity costs
Congestion
Jobs are low paid
Need to invest in expensive infrastructure
Multiplier Effect in Tourism
Tourist spends for
Food
Beverages
Lodging
Entertainment
Second round of expenditure
Commissions
Professional services
Wages and salaries
Utilities
Ultimate beneficiaries
Accountants
Architects
Bakers
Farmers
Leakage
High leakage
Low leakage