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CHAPTER 2 - THREE DIMENSIONS OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM, NUR FARAH FARHANAH…
CHAPTER 2 - THREE DIMENSIONS OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
SOCIAL DIMENSIONS
To Develop More Sustainable Forms of Tourism
Equity (stakeholders)
Equal opportunities (employees)
Ethics (tourism industry, suppliers)
Equal Partner (tourists treatment)
THE SCOPE
THE TOURIST :silhouettes:
Afford a holiday
Benefit gained from tourism
Attitude towards staff
FOREIGN TOUR OPERATORS
Exploiting low cost economies to reduce their cost
Lack a long term commitment to local communities
DESTINATION GOVERNMENT
Promotional activities
Restrictions on tourist
Regulation of tourism industry
LOCAL TOURISM INDUSTRY
Value for money
Influence with government decision makers
Representation of cultures for tourist
HOST COMMUNITY
Attitudes and relations with the tourist
Involvement on public sector decision making
Impact of tourism on the society and cultures
ECONOMIC DIMENSION
MULTIPLIER EFFECT
To maximize tourist spending
To minimize the leakages of tourism income from the local economy
ECONOMIC BENEFITS AND COSTS OF TOURISM
Benefits
Stimulated industrial investment
Keep local business viable
Job creation
Costs
Overpendence on tourism
Congestion
Job are low paid
Multiplier effect in tourism
Tourism spend for:
Entertainment
Lodging
Clothing
Recreation
Second round of expenditures
Wages and salaries
Commisions
Utilities
Rental of facilities and equipment
Ultimate Beneficiaries
Accounting
Engineering
Bakers
Carpenters
Leakages
Low Leakages
Well-established major tourist destinations in develop countries
High Leakages
Areas in developing countries with economy based largely on primary production such as agriculture
POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF TOURISM (HOST CULTURES AND COMMUNITIES)
Languange
Heritage
Traditional arts
Religion
HOST-GUEST RELATIONSHIPS
Short term relationship are superficial
Tourist are under pressure due to short time period
Tourist are often segregated from local people
Host-tourist relation tend to lack spontaneity
Host-guest relation are often unbalanced in nature
ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSION
Nature Environment
Beaches
Caves
Rivers and Lakes
Mountainous areas
Farmed Environment
Man-made forests
Fish-farms
Wildlife
Birds
Flora
Insects
Built Environment
Transport and infrastructure
Villages and townscapes
Natural Resources
Water
Air
Climate
**Major potential impacts of tourism on the nature environment
Flora and fauna species composition
Killing animals through hunting or tp supply good for the souvenir trade
Migration of animals
Change in nature due to clearance or planning to accommodate tourists facilities
Erosion
Damage to geological features
Landslides
Natural Resources
Over exploitation of biological resources (overfishing)
Depletion of mineral resources
Pollution
Water pollution through oil spillages
Air pollution from vehicles
Noise pollution from tourist transportation
Visual Impact
Litter
Facilities (buildings,car, parks)
Sewage
NUR FARAH FARHANAH BINTI ASMADI (HM2415C)
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