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Petroleum System - Coggle Diagram
Petroleum System
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Definition
From my understanding, the petroleum system is the geologic components and processes that need to produce and keep the hydrocarbon (generation and accumulation) in the aquifer of source rock from migration.
Source rock for hydrocarbons to be generated. A porous and permeable reservoir rock is needed to contain the hydrocarbon and allow them to accumulate
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The elements
- Source rock: A deposit rich in organic matter of the remains phytoplankton that typically a fine-grained marine that buried to a depth by a suitable temperature and pressure
- Migration pathway: A porous and permeable conduit from source to a reservoir that commonly a layer of sand or sandstone, fault and fracture systems
- Reservoir rock: A porous and permeable material that hydrocarbon residue in the layer of sandstone or limestone which it could be a fractured stratum of impermeable rock
- Trap: A concave-downwards geometric arrangement of a seal or impermeable lateral equivalents of the reservoir rock that commonly looks like an anticline or stratigraphic pinch-out
- Seal rocks: Look like impermeable ductile stratum, commonly shale or evaporites, precluding further upward migration
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Rock types (lithologies)
- Those that may produce hcs when buried and heated (usually occur in fine grained rock)
- Those that may can contain recoverable hydrocarbon resources (usually occur in porous coarse grained rock)
- Those that prevent hcs passing through them, trapping them usually impermeable fine grained rock
Source rock
A petroleum source rock may be defined as a fine-grained sediment that in its natural setting has generated and released enough hydrocarbon
Three sedimentary rock types mostly encountered in oil fields: (1. Shales) (2. Sandstones) (3. Carbonates)
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Types of sediments
- Siliciclastics ( sand & mud or Sandstones & shales)
Those that produce hydrocarbons when buried and heated, contain recoverable hcs resources and prevent hcs from passing through them by traping them