EMERGENCE OF AGRICULTURE AND WRITING
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VOCABULARY
Hook
Handle
Lance
Gatherer
Mud
Crop
Tip
To bear
Wedge
Something shaped with one thick end and one thin, pointed end.
The thin, pointed end of something
Wet earth that is soft and sticky
A weapon with a long wooden handle and a pointed metal end
A curved piece of metal, plastic or wire for hanging things on, catching fish with, etc.
The part of an object, such as a cup, a bag or a tool, that you use to hold it or carry it
A person who collects something
A plant that is grown in large quantities, especially as food
To produce flowers or fruit
Most people in the world changed their lifestyles about 10,000 years ago by adopting some form of agriculture., which in turn allowed certain grasses that grow naturally will spread across the steppes. It also influenced some groups to observe that plants. Probably, it was the women who noticed that the grains they were germinating and began to sow them. Along with agriculture came domestication of animals.
Humans organized themselves to face the new conditions they found in the places they arrived: other climates, new predators, even more primitive humans.In front of these groups, lay above all in language, which enabled them to act as a whole, to be better communicated.In the cold areas, they needed animal skins to cover themselves and to hunt better; they invented the spear, the bow; and, to separate the flesh of the skin, better burins, chisels and flint knives.Creativity began 40,000 years ago par excellence.
The development of cities and agriculture led to the growth of trade. In one of these cities, and for hundreds of years, Sumerian merchants kept records of what they sold and bought on clay tokens in the form of animals, jars, and other items they traded.Towards the year 3300 B.C, they realized that they did not need figures, and began to scratch with simplified signs at any surface representing the articles: that was the beginning of writing.As the canes left marks in the form of a triangle or wedge, this type of writing is known as "cuneiform".When they wanted to keep track of the sellings, they made them in clay and baked them.
The main and immediate change that agriculture brought the sedentary. Groups had to look after their plantations, harvest them and store the products that they did not immediately consume; therefore, they could no longer travel to different places.The second big change was in housing: branch sheds and caves were not enough, as in nomadic life.They had to build the first houses, with whatever was available in the area: stone, mixed wood,etc. The gathering of several houses, often behind a fence to protect themselves from predators and enemies, led to the formation of hamlets and villages.The populations mastered the cultivation techniques: fertilizer, irrigation, seed selection and conservation of the surpluses, as well as the breeds of domesticated animals and the quality of the tools used. This increased the harvested product, which was the third big change.The availability of more consumable calories brought the increase in population, the fourth big change. Biologists have estimated that the total world human population, 10,000 years ago, was between 5 and 10 million. After 8,000 years, this figure had become 300 million.
The crescent-shaped strip of land located in the eastern Mediterranean, 10,000 years ago. Northwest China, 7,000 years ago.Mesoamerica, 5,000 years ago. Andean America , 4,000 years ago