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Psychology- Group 1, Features of Memory Types (Shane) - Coggle Diagram
Psychology- Group 1
Why do we forget things(Adit)
Forgetting or disremembering is the apparent loss or modification of information already encoded and stored in an individual's short or long-term memory. It is a spontaneous or gradual process in which old memories are unable to be recalled from memory storage.
The inability to retrieve a memory is one of the most common causes of forgetting. ... According to this theory, a memory trace is created every time a new theory is formed. Decay theory suggests that over time, these memory traces begin to fade and disappear.
the theory known as interference theory suggests that some memories compete and interfere with other memories. When information is very similar to other information that was previously stored in memory, interference is more likely to occur. There are two basic types of interference: Proactive interference Retroactive interference
Proactive interference is when an old memory makes it more difficult or impossible to remember a new memory.
Retroactive interference occurs when new information interferes with your ability to remember previously learned information.
An example of proactive interference in everyday life would be a difficulty in remembering a friend's new phone number after having previously learned the old number.
An example would be calling your ex-boyfriend/girlfriend by your new boyfriend/girlfriend's name. The new name retroactively interferes with the old one, which is clearly problematic for recall
Displacement seeks to explain forgetting in short term memory, and suggests it's due to a lack of availability. Displacement theory provides a very simple explanation of forgetting. Because of its limited capacity, suggested by Miller to be 7+/- 2 items, STM can only hold small amounts of information
Displacement of object: Feelings that are connected with one person are displaced onto another person. A man who has had a bad day at the office, comes home and yells at his wife and children, is displacing his anger from workplace onto his family.
SHORT TERM MEMORY:
-very brief duration that lasts at most 20 seconds
-its capacity is around 7 pieces of independent information
-vulnerable to interference and interruption
-uses acoustic encoding
LONG TERM MEMORY
-potentially limitless amount of information can be retained
-its capacity can ranges from a few minutes to your lifetime
-decay interference retrieval failure
-uses mostly semantic encoding
Duration and Capacity of Memory (Kanyawee)
Duration of memory:
the duration of memory differs from person to person, cognitive psychologists classify memory ranging from 15-30 seconds short-term memory and memory lasting longer than 30 seconds is called long-term memory. The number of time an individual retrieves and uses certain memories plays an important role in the duration of memory and enhances the long-term effect of it. Continuously recalling memory over periods of times improves the recognition and the strength of that memory. This is why repeating information over and over again during study sessions improves your overall recollection of information while taking an exam.
Capacity of memory:
Our memory is limit and there is a maximum amount of information that can be retained and stored, the capacity of our memory refers to the temporary storage of memory in our brain. Willingham stresses on the importance of practice and effort in learning. Practicing and keeping up allows things to be done automatically. This is of importance because in order to learn new things, working memory is required and to free up space in one's working memory, they have to apply practice and effort for an action to become muscle memory. The more practice you recieve, the more improvements can be seen.
Types of memory (Sakithma)
Long-term memory: Long-term memory as per the word means when a certain memory lasts for a long period of time, maybe for a lifetime. You can store a limitless amount of information in your head. A person can remember something depending on how they memorize it. In the stage encoding, humans tend to memorize things as per the strategy they can memorize. They might form this type of info in a form of a song, create acronyms, and much more. Encoding in LTM is largely semantic, but can also be visual and acoustic.
Short-term memory: Short-term memory leads to temporary memory storage. STM encodes information acoustically through frequent repetition of info yet it doesn't store for long. Humans tend to memorize things faster but aren't able to retrieve it as per what they encoded it. We have various strategies such as flash-cards, past papers, links, and sites, but the information won't be stored that long.
Features of Memory Types (Shane)