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CHAPTER 2: THREE DIMENSION OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM, MUHAMMAD IRFAN BIN ABD…
CHAPTER 2: THREE DIMENSION OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
2) ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSION
Natural Environment
Caves
Rivers and Lakes
Beaches
Mountains area
wild life
Flora
Birds
Insects
FARMED ENVIRONMENT
fish-farms
man-made forest
Built Environment
Transport and infrastructure
Village and Townscapes
Natural resources
Air
Climate
Water
1) Social Dimension
Potential impacts of Tourism
Religion
Language
Heritage
Traditional Arts
To developed more sustainable form of toursim
equal
ethics
equal patner
equity
Host-guest Relationship
Tourist are often segregated from local people
Host guest relation are often unbalanced in nature
Host tourist relation tend to lack spontanely
Short term relationship are superficial
Tourist are under pressure due to short time period
Major potential impact of tourism on the natural environment
Natural Resources
Depletion of mineral resources
Over-exploitation of biological resources
Erosion
Landsides
Damage to geological features
Pollution
Air pollution from vehicle
Noise pollution from tourist transportation
water pollution
Floral and Fauna species composition
Killing of animals through hunting or supply goods for the souvenir trade
Change in nature due to clearances or planning to accommodate tourist facilities
Migration of animals
Visual Impact
Facilities
Sewage
Litter
3) ECONOMIC DIMENSION
Economic benefits and cost of tourism
Benefits
keep local business viable
job creation
Stimulated industrial investment
Cost
Overpendence on tourism
Congestion
Job are low paid
Multiplier effect in tourism
Second round of expenditure
Commissions
Wages and salaries
Utilities
Rental of facilities and equipment
Ultimate Beneficiaries
Accounting
Engineering
Carpenters
Bakers
Tourist spend for:
entertainment
lodging
clothing
Recreation
Multiplier Effect
to minimize the leakages of tourism income from the local economy
To maximize tourist spending
Leakages
Low leakages
High leakages
MUHAMMAD IRFAN BIN ABD KHANI