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National unity - Coggle Diagram

- - - - treaties made between the crown and the first nations from 1871 to 1921 varying about land, money, and indigenous rights in general
  - - - put into foster homes
      - Loss of identity
      - Children taken from their homes
  - - - 2008, stephen harper
    - - protest against bill c-45introduced by Stephen Harper’s Conservative government in 2012
      - Since bill c-45 the movement has frown to encompass broader questions about indigenous rights and sovereignity as well as environmental protection
  - - - resources
      - land
        
        Oka crisis 1990
        
        fight for their land
      - "Indian" status
      - wills
      - education
        
        Concequence: residential schools
      - many more
      - band administration
    - - Gave canada full independance from the US
  - - - protesting against the court
      - 76 soldiers deployed
      - lasted 78 days
      - 1 fatality
    - - under Lois Riel
      - turned into military action
      - 200 armed metis protesters, 90 dead
  - - - drug abuse
      - physical and mental trauma
      - Some survivours even said that residential schools prepared them for prison
- - - - "We must seek to keep this part of the Continent free from unrest and from too much intermixture of foreign strains of blood".
  - - - doesnt stop immigrants from flowing in from china
      - amendments in 1900 and 1903 increase fee to 100, then to 500
        
        this was in the 1900's so 500 dollars then is almost 15,000 dollars now
        
        this definitely worked, dropping entries to only 8
  - - - white paper on immigration
        
        "recruit" immigrants
      - 1967 introduction of point system for new immigrants
      - 1971 multiculturalism policy
        
        first light of multiculturalism in canada
        
        born out of the 1963 bi and bi commission
        
        assist immigrants with cultural barriers, help them learn at least one of canada's official languages
- - - - quebec would become a distinct society but still recieve funding from frderal gov
      - Provincial autonomy over healthcare/education/daycare- minority french/english is an essential part of canada
      - clyde wells argued that Meech Lake would give Quebec too muhc legislative power, reduce Equalization to poorer provinces and make future amendments challening
  - - - canadians who felt left out of the accord felt that it would jeopardize their individual rights
      - Similar to meech lake but with more indigenous agreements
      - Pierre trudeau is a vocal opponent of the accord as well as meech lake
  - - - Centralize more power
      - Canadian Society would include Indigenous peoples, Duality, Regionalism, and Cultural Diversity. Quebec had a “distinct society within Canada” but “English Canada” did not exist as a distinct society.
    - - Notwithstanding clause
        
        7/50 amending formula
        
        Ontario manufacturers sold to Alberta on Tarif protected, but oil was sold to Ontario at half the price of American
    - - Trudeau sued Saskatchewan’s gov over potash legislation
      - Trying to extract as much money for the federal gov as possible
    - - Against language rights in the charter - weaken bill 101
      - Limit Federal control over the economy
      - Veto for amendments
    - - just agreed with trudeau
      - wanted the charter included
  - - - The NEP
        
        unfair to alberta, because it forces them to not only sell their oil at a discount price but also to give some of the profits off that oil to the other provinces through equalization payments.
      - The Transmountain pipeline
        
        would have reduced operating costs for albertans because of easy shipping to the coast of BC quickly and more efficiently than the current way
- - - - Short term causes
        
        The churches failiure to administer education correctly
        
        Jean paul desbiens
        
        A book called Les Insolences du Frere Untel written by him was a direct shot to the system of public education and its poor quality
        
        Maurice duplessis death
        
        The death of a strong leader and believer in provincial power and nationalism gave the liberals a window for success
      - Long term causes
        
        Maurice richard riot 1955
        
        Richard was a social icon for the people of quebec, so the situation with him triggered them
        
        Asbestos miners strike of 1949
        
        This lasted almost 7 weeks and therefore was a long term cause.
    - - FLQ
        
        socialist terrorist group
        
        Wanted to overthrow government
        
        160+ violent crimes
        
        October crisis
        
        kidnapping of james cross and death of pierre laport
        
        leaders of many bombings and robberies from 1963 to 1970
      - Political programs under Jean Lesage
        
        changed voting age from 21 to 18
        
        from 1960 - 1967 provincial budget grew from 745 million to 2.1 billion
        
        helped establish educational reforms including the creation of the Ministry of Education in 1964
      - Government relations
        
        war measures act
        
        law that gave canadian gov extra power during times of war, invasion, and insurrection
        
        passed in 1914 just after the outbreak of ww1
  - - - nationalist
        
        Wants quebec to be separated from the rest of canada
        
        Tried to isolate themselves by making english speakers unwelcome to quebec
    - - federalist
        
        wants quebec to stay a part of canada
    - - a larger role for the state in education, the economy, and social affairs
      - the modernization of Quebec
      - and the democratization of its political life
  - - - both failed
    - - Levesque lead the "yes" vote
      - the goal was to create social, political, and cultural independance for quebec while keeping economic support with canada
    - - made french the only language on signs, immigrants had to learn frencg, only english born could learn english in school
    - - made french the only official language of quebec, restricted the use of english in buissiness and schools
    - - Given provinces rights to veto amendments - failed
    - - Jaques parizeau, lucien bouchard: supporting "nation within a nation"